形容词和副词.ppt

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1、一、形容词作补语和状语一、形容词作补语和状语1. 形容词作主语补足语和宾语补足语时形容词作主语补足语和宾语补足语时, 可以可以 表示表示“现状现状, 状态状态”; 也可以表示也可以表示某一动作的结果某一动作的结果, 常用在表示常用在表示“认为认为, 看待看待”等动词后等动词后, 如如believe, prove, consider等。等。2. 形容词作状语时形容词作状语时, 可以看作是可以看作是“being形形容词容词”结构或结构或when, if, because等从句的等从句的省略省略, 表示时间、方式、原因、伴随、让表示时间、方式、原因、伴随、让步、条件等步、条件等, 也可以表示对主语进

2、行解释也可以表示对主语进行解释, 说明主语是什么情况说明主语是什么情况, 或进行强调或进行强调, 其逻其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。如辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。如: Hungry and tired, he had to stop working. Ripe(When they are ripe), the oranges taste sweet. 二、表语形容词二、表语形容词表语形容词是一般只用于系动词后作表语表语形容词是一般只用于系动词后作表语的形容词的形容词, 这类动词常见的有这类动词常见的有remain, stay, stand, keep, lie, grow, turn,

3、get, become, run, come, seem, sound, appear, look, smell, taste, feel等。常见的表语形容词有等。常见的表语形容词有: 1. 某些以某些以a开头的形容词开头的形容词: afraid “害怕的害怕的”; alive “活着的活着的”; alone “单独的单独的”; ashamed “羞愧的羞愧的”; asleep “睡着的睡着的”; awake “醒醒着着 的的”等。等。 这类形容词除这类形容词除afraid和和ashamed可用可用very修饰修饰外外, 一般不用一般不用very修饰修饰, 可用其他表程度的副可用其他表程度的副

4、词修饰词修饰, 如如very much。常用搭配。常用搭配: wide awake 完全清醒完全清醒 sound/fast asleep 酣睡酣睡 quite alone 非常孤独非常孤独 still alive 仍然活着仍然活着 much alike 非常相似非常相似 full/well/quite aware of 充分意识到充分意识到; 对对非常清醒非常清醒 表语形容词还可用作后置定语。如表语形容词还可用作后置定语。如: He is the most famous scientist alive in the world today. 2. 某些与健康状况有关的形容词某些与健康状况有关的

5、形容词: well “健健康的康的”; fine “健康的健康的”; poorly “不适不适; 不不舒服舒服”; unwell “不舒服的不舒服的”; ill “有病有病的的”; faint “头晕的头晕的”等。如等。如: Im feeling well today. He is ill today.3. 某些描述感觉或心情的形容词某些描述感觉或心情的形容词: glad “高兴高兴的的”; pleased “高兴的高兴的”; content “满意满意的的”; sorry “难过的难过的”; upset “难过的难过的”等。等。如如: I am glad/pleased to hear th

6、at you are offered a good job.4. 其他表语形容词其他表语形容词: certain “确认的确认的”; sure “确信的确信的”; fond “喜欢的喜欢的”; ready “准备好准备好的的”; unable “不能不能的的”等。如等。如: Im certain/sure that he will succeed.三、复合形容词三、复合形容词1. 副词词干分词副词词干分词, 如如: hardworking 勤劳的勤劳的2. 名词词干过去分词名词词干过去分词, 如如: manmade人造的人造的3. 名词词干现在分词名词词干现在分词, 如如: timeconsu

7、ming 耗时的耗时的4. 名词词干形容词名词词干形容词, 如如: worldfamous 世界世界闻名的闻名的5. 数词词干名词数词词干名词, 如如: fivestar 五星级的五星级的6. 数词词干名词数词词干名词ed, 如如: threelegged 三条三条腿的腿的7. 数词词干名词形容词数词词干名词形容词, 如如: fiveyearold 5岁的岁的8. 形容词词干过去分词形容词词干过去分词, 如如: readymade 现成的现成的9. 形容词词干名词形容词词干名词ed, 如如: kindhearted 好心的好心的10. 形容词词干现在分词形容词词干现在分词, 如如: ordin

8、arylooking 相貌一般的相貌一般的11. 形容词词干形容词形容词词干形容词, 如如: redhot 炽热炽热 的的四、副词四、副词1. 派生副词派生副词1) 最常用的后缀是最常用的后缀是ly, 即即“形容词后缀形容词后缀ly”构成副词。构成副词。2) 还有加后缀还有加后缀ward(s), ways, wise等构成等构成副词。如副词。如: backwards, northwards, sideways, crossways, clockwise等。等。 2. 复合副词和短语副词复合副词和短语副词复合副词是指由两个词共同组成的副词。复合副词是指由两个词共同组成的副词。如如anyhow,

9、meantime, nowhere, somehow, therefore等。等。短语副词是指用连词把副词连接起来的短短语副词是指用连词把副词连接起来的短语。如语。如back and forth(前后前后), here and there(到处到处), now and then(不时不时)等。等。一、形容词和副词比较等级的构成一、形容词和副词比较等级的构成1. 形容词的比较级和最高级形容词的比较级和最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词单音节词和少数双音节词, 一般在词尾加一般在词尾加er, est来构成比较级和最高级。来构成比较级和最高级。构成法构成法原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级单音节词和少数双

10、音单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加节词一般在词尾加er, esttallcheaptallercheapertallestcheapest以不发音的以不发音的e结尾的单结尾的单音节词只加音节词只加r, stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest以一个辅音字母结以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词尾的重读闭音节词, 双写结尾的辅音字双写结尾的辅音字母母, 再加再加er, estbigthinbiggerthinnerbiggestthinnest以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结结尾的双音节词尾的双音节词, 变变y为为i, 再加再加er, estbusyangrybusier

11、angrierbusiestangriest少数以少数以er, ow结尾结尾的双音节词末尾加的双音节词末尾加er, estclevernarrowcleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest部分双音节词和多部分双音节词和多音节词音节词, 在其前加在其前加more, most来构成来构成比较级和最高级比较级和最高级importantmore importantmost important注意注意:有些形容词的比较级和最高级可采用在词有些形容词的比较级和最高级可采用在词尾加尾加er和和est的形式的形式, 也可采用在单词前加也可采用在单词前加more和和most的形式的形式

12、, 这类形容词有这类形容词有clear, common, cruel, free, handsome, lively, often, pleasant, polite, pretty, quiet, secure, solid, stupid等。等。2. 副词的比较级和最高级副词的比较级和最高级1) 大多数以大多数以ly结尾的副词在其前加结尾的副词在其前加more和和most来构成比较级和最高级。如：来构成比较级和最高级。如： quicklymore quicklymost quickly carefullymore carefullymost carefully2) 单音节词及少数双音节词在

13、词尾加单音节词及少数双音节词在词尾加er构成构成比较级比较级, 加加est构成最高级。如：构成最高级。如： hardharderhardest fastfasterfastest earlyearlierearliest原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级good, wellbetterbestbad, ill, badlyworseworstmany, muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther, furtherfarthest, furthestoldolder, elderoldest, eldest3. 几个特殊的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级几个特殊的形容词

14、和副词的比较级和最高级二、形容词和副词原级的常见句型二、形容词和副词原级的常见句型1. as形容词形容词/副词副词as 如如: He is as tall as his father. He speaks English as fluently as an Englishman.注意注意: 在否定句或疑问句中可用在否定句或疑问句中可用so.as, 即即not as/so.as。如。如:He cant run so/as fast as you. Its not as/so warm as yesterday. 2. “as形容词形容词a(n)单数名词单数名词as”或或“asmany/much名

15、词名词as”。如。如: This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can. There are as many students in your class as in ours.三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的常见三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的常见 句型句型1. more原级原级/名词名词than原级原级/名词名词, 意为意为“与其说是与其说是不如说是不如说是”。如。如: He is more diligent than clever.2. “比较级比较级and比较级比较级”

16、和和“more and more多音节词原级多音节词原级”, 表示程度递增。表示程度递增。这种结构后不可接这种结构后不可接than引导的从句。如引导的从句。如: Things are getting better and better. She plays the piano more and more beautifully.注意注意:from bad to worse/worse and worse 越来越糟越来越糟 make matters worse/what was worse/worse than all/worse than ever 更糟的是更糟的是 如如: Things ar

17、e getting from bad to worse/worse and worse. The car broke down when I was driving home from work, and to make matters worse it was pouring with rain.any other+单数名词单数名词all (the) other+复数名词复数名词anyone elseany of the other+复数名词复数名词the rest of+复数名词或不复数名词或不可数名词可数名词比较级比较级than3. 如果比较对象不能相互包容时如果比较对象不能相互包容时,

18、 句型有句型有:4. “the比较级比较级, the比较级比较级”表示两种情表示两种情况同时变化。这个句型中的第一句相当于况同时变化。这个句型中的第一句相当于状语从句状语从句, 不能用将来时态。如不能用将来时态。如: The more medicine I take, the worse I seem to feel.5. “no比较级比较级than.”意为意为“都不都不”, 是是对两者的共同否定对两者的共同否定, 侧重前者侧重前者; “not比较比较级级than.”意为意为“不及不及”, 表示前者不如表示前者不如后者后者, 隐含对两者的肯定隐含对两者的肯定, 侧重后者。如侧重后者。如: He

19、 is no taller than I. My handwriting is not better than yours.6. “the比较级比较级of the two(名词名词)”, 表示表示“两者中较两者中较的一个的一个”。如。如: The taller of the two boys is my brother.7. the最高级最高级of/in比较范围比较范围 最高级表示在一定范围内某事物或某人在最高级表示在一定范围内某事物或某人在性质、高低或大小等方面程度最高或最低。性质、高低或大小等方面程度最高或最低。“之中最之中最”, 用于三者或三者以上用于三者或三者以上的比较。同类范畴用的比

20、较。同类范畴用of, 不同类用不同类用in。 He talks (the) least and does (the) most in his class. He is the fastest runner of the three boys.8. not/never比较级比较级 “最最不过不过”。 在比较级前加上否定意义的词在比较级前加上否定意义的词, 表达表达最高级的含义。如最高级的含义。如: His work couldnt be worse. He has never spent a more worrying day.9. “nothing/nobody.比较级比较级than”意意为为

21、“没有没有更更/最最”。如。如: Nothing is better than a hot drink on a cold winter day.四、形容词和副词的比较等级的修饰语四、形容词和副词的比较等级的修饰语1. almost, exactly, half, just, nearly, quite, twice, three times, a third time等用于原等用于原级之前级之前, 表示程度。如表示程度。如: He is almost as tall as his brother. This line is twice as long as that one.2. a bit

22、, a little, rather, any, much/many, far, a great/good deal, a lot, still, even等用于比较级等用于比较级之前之前, 表示确定的程度。分数或有关长度、时表示确定的程度。分数或有关长度、时间、重量等名词短语通常放在比较级前间、重量等名词短语通常放在比较级前, 也可也可由由by引出而置于比较级之后。如引出而置于比较级之后。如: Its a little colder today than it was yesterday. This shirt is much more expensive than that one. He

23、 is two years older than me. He is older than me by two years. 注意注意: 修饰可数名词的比较级不用修饰可数名词的比较级不用much, 而用而用many, 如如many more books; 修饰不可数修饰不可数名词的比较级用名词的比较级用much, 如如much more work, “更多的工作更多的工作”; much more necessary, “更有必要更有必要”。 除除quite better外外, quite不可修饰比较级。不可修饰比较级。3. by far, much, the first/second用于形容用

24、于形容词的最高级前。如词的最高级前。如: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. This is by far the best. This is much the most important.五、比较级相关习语五、比较级相关习语1. more than more than数词数词 多于多于, 超过超过 more than名词名词 不仅仅是不仅仅是 more than形容词非常形容词非常, 很很 more than含有情态动词的从句含有情态动词的从句 超过了超过了的范围的范围 more A than B 与其说与其说倒不如

25、说倒不如说2. no more than(only)仅仅仅仅, 只有只有3. not more than(at most)不超过不超过, 至多至多less than不到不到, 少于少于no less than(as much as)多达多达, 不少于不少于not less than(at least)至少至少more or less(almost, nearly, about) 基本上基本上, 差不多差不多; 或多或少或多或少sooner or later 迟早迟早, 早晚早晚, 总有一天总有一天whats more 而且而且, 此外此外no sooner.than. 一一就就 近几年高考对形

26、容词、副词的考查以近几年高考对形容词、副词的考查以形容词、副词的词义辨析为主，其次是形容词、副词的词义辨析为主，其次是它们的搭配、比较等级以及表示衔接手它们的搭配、比较等级以及表示衔接手段和表示频率、方式、程度等副词的用段和表示频率、方式、程度等副词的用法。法。一、考查形容词、副词词义辨析一、考查形容词、副词词义辨析 解这类题时解这类题时, 首先要弄清楚各选项词义首先要弄清楚各选项词义, 然后再去理解题意然后再去理解题意, 最后结合题意选出符合最后结合题意选出符合语境的选项。语境的选项。1. With online shopping increasingly popular, the Inte

27、rnet is seen as a(n) _ way of reaching target customers. (福建福建2014) A. temporary B. complex C. accurate D. efficient2. Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said _,“Dont be so mean,” pointing a finger of warning at her. (湖北湖北2014) A. dreadfully B. guiltily C. indirectly D. sharply二、考查形容词

28、、副词的搭配二、考查形容词、副词的搭配 做这类题时做这类题时, 要辨别清楚每个选项在词要辨别清楚每个选项在词义和搭配上的细微差别。义和搭配上的细微差别。 It may not be a great suggestion. But before_ is put forward, well make do with it.(2013新课标新课标)A. a good one B. a better oneC. the best one D. a best one三、考查形容词、副词的比较等级三、考查形容词、副词的比较等级 1. 比较级与最高级比较级与最高级 一般情况下，题干中没有明显的比较等一般情况

29、下，题干中没有明显的比较等级形式。做这类题时，首先看选项，如果级形式。做这类题时，首先看选项，如果选项中有比较等级，就挖掘题干的深层含选项中有比较等级，就挖掘题干的深层含义，判断其中是否需要使用比较等级的某义，判断其中是否需要使用比较等级的某种具体形式。种具体形式。Next to biology, I like physics _.(2012大纲全国卷大纲全国卷)A. better B. bestC. the better D. very well四、考查表示衔接手段的副词四、考查表示衔接手段的副词 首先要理解前后两个分句或句子的意思，首先要理解前后两个分句或句子的意思，然后再选择相应的副词。

30、然后再选择相应的副词。 常见的表示衔接手段的副词常见的表示衔接手段的副词: however,otherwise, though, nevertheless, instead, besides, meanwhile, therefore, thus, yet, afterwards, eventually等。等。What a terrible experience! _, youre safe now thats the main thing. (江西江西2013)A. Anyway B. BesidesC. Otherwise D. Therefore 五、考查表示频率、方式、程度等的副词五、

31、考查表示频率、方式、程度等的副词 要分清每个词的一般用法和特殊用法，而要分清每个词的一般用法和特殊用法，而且要特别注意具体的语境。且要特别注意具体的语境。1. 表示频率的副词，如表示频率的副词，如occasionally,sometimes, seldom, never, regularly, usually, rarely等。等。2. 表示方式的副词表示方式的副词, 如如anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, angrily, happily, slowly等。等。3. 表示程度的副词，如表示程度的副词，如so, very, too, ra

32、ther, fairly, pretty, enough, quite等。等。The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others _. (浙江浙江2014)A. blindly B. unwillinglyC. closely D. carefully1. Joe is proud and _, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame. (浙江浙江2014)

33、A. strict B. sympathetic C. stubborn D. sensitive2. I cant meet you on Sunday. Ill be _ occupied. (江苏江苏2014) A. also B. just C. nevertheless D. otherwise3. Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldnt have found it _. (江西江西 2014) A. nowhere B. however C. otherwise D. instead4. There are a sma

34、ll number of people involved, possibly _ twenty. (江西江西2013) A. as few as B. as little as C. as many as D. as much as5. Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a _ smile and let him go. (湖北湖北 2014) A. cautious B. grateful C. tolerant D. wildI. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.

35、 It is _ (reason) to assume that he knew beforehand that this would happen.2. Success doesnt only depend on what you do. What you dont do is _ (equal) important.3. Once people have seen that something actually works, they are much more _ (like) to accept change.reasonableequallylikely4. I _ (mere) s

36、uggested you should do it again. Theres no need to get annoyed.5. The river was so polluted that it _ (actual) caught fire and burned.6. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _ (clean) than ever. merelyactuallycleanerII. 根据汉语提示补全句子根据汉语提示补全句子 （每空一词）。（每空一词）。1. When I looke

37、d back on the early days of our schooling, I wondered how I had managed with _ _ _ (那么少的钱那么少的钱).2. The old woman had some _ _ _ _ (美丽的小红玫瑰花美丽的小红玫瑰花) in her garden. so little moneybeautiful littlered roses3. Whatever the circumstances, parents are supposed to know _ _ _ _ _ _ (怎么做最好怎么做最好).4. The wing

38、s of the model plane are _ _ _ _ _ (长度的两倍长度的两倍多多) of its body.what to do forthe bestthan twice the lengthmoreIII. 阅读短文，阅读短文， 根据所给提示在空格内填入根据所给提示在空格内填入 适当单词，适当单词， 要求意义准确，要求意义准确， 拼写正确。拼写正确。 Australia is the largest island in the world. However, it is the 1. _ (最小的最小的) continent as well. Australia lies

39、in the 2. s_ hemisphere (半球半球). It lies southeast of Asia and is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean and the India Ocean.southernsmallest The climates in Australia vary 3. _ (great). A small part of the northeast coast has a tropical climate with heavy rainfall and somewhat 4. h_ temperatures. Some part

40、s have 5. _ (definite) dry and wet seasons. Large desert areas with very little rainfall occupy 6. _ (center) and western Australia. Of course, there are other types of climates in other areas of the continent.centralgreatlyhot / highdefinitely Many people who hear the word Australia think about the

41、 7. _ (独有的独有的) animals that can be found only in Australia. Kangaroos have large back legs and 8. _ (power) tails. A koala is an animal that eats the leaves of certain types of trees. The duckbill (鸭嘴兽鸭嘴兽) is a 9. s_ creature that has hair and gives milk to its young like other mammals do, but it lays eggs!uniquepowerfulstrange / special