高考新题型---语法填空.ppt

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1、语法填空l语法填空的考查范围：语法填空的考查范围： l1 1 语境语境( (上下文）；上下文）； l2 2 语法语法：动动词词（时态、语态、主谓（时态、语态、主谓一一致单复数、致单复数、非谓语非谓语形式、情态动形式、情态动词）、词）、名词名词（单复数）、（单复数）、代词代词（句子（句子成分）、成分）、冠词冠词（a/an/the)a/an/the)、介词介词( (与与动词名词的搭配）、动词名词的搭配）、连词连词（并列句和（并列句和复合句）、复合句）、形容词和副词形容词和副词（比较级最（比较级最高级）、高级）、固固定搭定搭配配、及、及构构词法词法等。等。语法填空的能力要求：语法填空的能力要求： 1

2、.1.阅读阅读/ /理解语篇的能力理解语篇的能力 2.2.分析句子结构的能力分析句子结构的能力 3.3.熟练运用语法的能力熟练运用语法的能力 4.4.单词拼写能力和逻辑推理能单词拼写能力和逻辑推理能力等，对中下层考生来说，难力等，对中下层考生来说，难度较大。度较大。 考查的形式有二考查的形式有二种种:(1)纯空格题：纯空格题：通常考冠词、介词、代通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。词和连词等四类词。(2)用括号中所给词填空：用括号中所给词填空：通常考谓语通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等。容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等

3、。(1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。纯空格试题的解题技巧。首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧：个技巧：技巧技巧1：缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词词(多考代词多考代词)。如：。如：I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _ gets there almost i

4、n a second. 技巧技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词名词前面，若没有限定词(冠词、形容冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词词性物主代词、不定代词)，很可能是填限定词。，很可能是填限定词。如：如： It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _rice crop grow up quickly. the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _ small to

5、wn some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 技巧技巧3：句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。 who should have the honour of receiving me _a guest in their house. 技巧技巧4：若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。能是填连词。 two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso _

6、 Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. 技巧技巧5：若两句若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。词或从属连词。 I wanted t

7、o see as much of the city as possible in the two days _I was to return to Guangzhou. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _he felt very happy 技巧技巧6：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等等)

8、。 What is acceptable in one country be considered extremely rude in another. He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary.技巧技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。词。(1)由由it isthat强调结构形式，判断填强调结构形式，判断填it还还是是that。如：。如： and was only after

9、I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精味精)! (2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填等，还是填do, does, did等。如：等。如： _with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.(3)由由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填格处是否填it

10、。如：。如： as took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists Dating sites also make easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (4)so /suchthat句型。如：句型。如： This made the goat so jealous_it began plotting against (谋划对付谋划对付) the donkey. (5)morethan (与其说与其说不如说不如说，比比更更)句

11、型。如：句型。如： Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _40_ how much he pays. 考考 查查 连连 词词: A)引导各种引导各种从句从句的连词即的连词即从属连词从属连词。 what, who, whom，which, when, where, how, why, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, that, whether, if, B) 并列句并列句的各种关联词叫的各种关联词叫并列连词并列连词。如。如an

12、d, but, or, though, although, so, bothand, not onlybut also,neithernor,eitheror, however, while, otherwise, for, therefore,纯空格形式纯空格形式例：例：1. He has a high IQ ,_, he failed in the college entrance examination.2. He has a high IQ, _he failed in the college entrance examination.howeverbut考查冠词考查冠词主要考查不定冠

13、词主要考查不定冠词 aan 和定冠词和定冠词 the 之间的运用之间的运用例：例：1. Tom, _ 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop.2. But my mood quickly changed when I saw_ first question.3. As he got full marks in this exam, his father bought him _ MP4 as _ prize.antheana考查习语、习惯搭配和常用句式考查习语、习惯搭配和常用句式例：例：1. How pleasantly I live here.

14、 The climate in this city is neither too hot, _ too cold.2. There is no sense in _ (get) angry about it.3. The city is so attractive _thousands of visitors come here for a sightseeing every year. 4. We think _ best that you should stay here.norgettingthatit(2) 给出了动词的试题的解题技巧给出了动词的试题的解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是谓语

15、动词还是非谓首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。技巧技巧8：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。就要考虑时态语态。 His fear of failure _(keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. That

16、was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _ (close) my book and walked away. In Logan, three people _(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. 技巧技巧9：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用动词就要确定用ing形式

17、、形式、ed形式，还是用形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：(1)作主语或宾语，通常用作主语或宾语，通常用ing形式表示习惯形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。如：如： but it is not enough only _ (memorize) rules from a grammar book. _ (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语，一般用作目的状语或者在

18、形容词后的作状语，一般用不定式。不定式。如：如： _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _ (succeed). (3)作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。如：如： He saw the

19、 stone, _(say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” The headmaster went into the lab, _ (follow) by the foreign guests.(4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用系用ing形式，是被动关系用形式，是被动关系用ed形式。形式。 There will be a meeting, _ (start) later this year to review the film.

20、 Lessons (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (3)、词类转换题的解题技巧、词类转换题的解题技巧根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：具体方法有：技巧技巧10：作表语、定语或补语，通作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。如：常用形容词形式。如： The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. In a _ (dang

21、er) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject.技巧技巧11：作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。如：用名词形式。如： When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation wi

22、ll generally refer to the Four Great Inventions. These people have made great _(contribute) to China with their work. instructors expect students to be familiar with _ (inform) in the reading 技巧技巧12：在形容词性物主代词后，或者在在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠冠词词(+形容词形容词)”后，用名词形式。如：后，用名词形式。如： the remains date from this period bec

23、ause of their _ (similar) to those found elsewhere. With the large numbers of students, the _ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.技巧技巧13：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：作状语，用副词形式。如： As I looked _ (close) at this girl, I fount that There must be something

24、 _(serious) wrong with our society. Singles are flocking(涌向涌向) to the Internet _ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time 技巧技巧14：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un, im等，在词根后加等，在词根后加less

25、等。如：等。如： People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ (use). Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office.技巧技巧15：括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等

26、级。如：词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。如： there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist _ (attract) The other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldHe jumped even _ (hard) and finally made himself out. 3. 3. 重读全文，解决难题。重读全文，解决难题。在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大部分空格填好后，再经过仔细推敲，部分空格填好后，再经过仔细推敲，难题也就

27、不会再难了。所有空格填好难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。考查词形转换和确定词性的能力考查词形转换和确定词性的能力例：例：1. Although 40 percent said that the main reason for going away is to escape _(press) from work.2. People in North China speak a little _(different) from those in South China.3. After the chainman announced t

28、he results of the _(compete), tears came to my eyes.pressurecompetitiondifferently 单词提示形式单词提示形式考查动词的形态变化考查动词的形态变化如时态、语态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气等。如时态、语态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气等。例：例：1. He no longer lives here. At present he _(settle) in London.2 . H e i s g e n e r a l l y c o n s i d e r e d _(invent) the Internet.3. After _

29、(examine) me carefully, the doctor said there was nothing wrong with my heart.settlesto have inventedexamining考查形容词、副词比较等级的变化考查形容词、副词比较等级的变化例：1. We will have a _(far) discussion about this problem at the next meeting.2. When we got there, we found the situation was much _(bad) than expected.furtherw

30、orse注意一些固定的表达法注意一些固定的表达法如：如：with 的独立主格结构的独立主格结构1. The most common worry is burglary（入室盗（入室盗窃）窃）, with four out of ten _(worry) about their homes being broken into while they are abroad.2. When we entered the room, we discovered that he sat on the bench with his hand _(tie) behind his back. 3. With a

31、 lot of homework _ (do), he left school very earlier.worryingtiedto do1. Some think it may be a very _ (health) thing to do. 2. A number of psychologists have conductedexperiments and have reached some (surprise)conclusions.3. Most newspapers (regular) print letters from readers with problems. 4. Tr

32、affic is most (danger) then. 5. They produced a new record in 1996, which was a (celebrate) of their time as a real band. healthysurprisingregularlydangerouscelebration6. This fact appears to be _ (especial) true.7. In South Africa he (surprise) found the problem of racial discrimination was serious

33、. 8. However, it is rather _(polite) to give your hand to a lady when she shows little interest in shaking hands with you.9. Ben was good at buying things at its _( low) price.10. People in that country fight for their _(free).especiallySurprisedlyimpolitelowestfreedomTaking a taxi in a certain East

34、em European country can be 31 shocking experience. It is said 32 some taxi drivers have metal wires stuck into the passenger seats. And 33 a button is pushed, the seat will give you an electric shock. These taxi drivers dont do this 34 fun. They do it to tourists 35 argue about the ridiculous fares

35、they charge. Some drivers charge as much 36 ten times the legal fare.They have a secret switch which 37 (make) the meters much faster. If you refuse to pay, you are really in for a shock. In one case, a German woman had no 38 but to pay US $120 for a US $ 20 ride from the airport. She said that she

36、was really taken for a ride, but what could she do? Besides the electric shock, she was verbally 39 (abuse) and threatened with physical violence. She has only one piece of advice for tourists, Take the bus 40 stay at home.“athatwhenfor who/thatasmakeschoiceabusedor Most Americans dont like to get a

37、dvice _1 members of their family. They get advice from “ 2 (strange)”. When they need advice, they dont usually go to people they know. _ 3 _ ,many of them write letters to newspapers and magazines 4 _ give advice on any different subjects 5_ (include) family problems, the use of language, health, c

38、ooking, child care, clothes, 6 even on how to buy a house or a car. Most newspapers 7 (regular) print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are answers 8 (write) by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, 9 _are lawyer

39、s or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special 10 (train) for this kind of work.fromstrangersInsteadthatincludingandregularlywrittenOtherstrainingMum: (putting on her coat) Im going to have to go down to the shop for more bread. Alan: Why?Mum: Im not sure what

40、 1 (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 2 I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them because theyre 3 (go).Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. Im sure he was in the kitchen 4 (early).happenedwhengoneearlierMum: No, he went off to his tennis match before

41、I Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished 5 (make) them, so he couldnt have done finished 5 (make) them, so he couldnt have done it. 6 , he couldnt carry a plate of sandwiches as it. 6 , he couldnt carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, so Im sure 7 wasnt wel

42、l as all his tennis stuff, so Im sure 7 wasnt him.him.Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasnt me. But Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasnt me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of 8 fridge?bottom shelf

43、of 8 fridge?Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I 9 (put) Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I 9 (put) them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my 10 . Now, why did I put on my must be losing my 10 . Now, why did I put on my coat?coat?making Anywayit mind/memorymust have putthe