句子成分及句子结构.ppt

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1、一一. 句子成分句子成分 二二. 英语基本句型英语基本句型英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。句子包括哪些成分？句子包括哪些成分？ 主语：主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置

2、一般在句首句充当它的位置一般在句首The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.To see is to believe.They are good friends.谓语：谓语： 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成简单动词或者动词短语构成They are teachers.She looks well.He studies hard.He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.表语：表语： 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，表语说明主语是什

3、么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.其 它系动词状态：seem, appear, prove - 感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look -变化：become, get, turn, go, come,

4、 grow - 持续：remain, stay, keep, continue -宾语宾语 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后She plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She likes to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good guy.宾语补足语宾语补足语 在英语中，有些

5、句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当在分词和过去分词充当 If you let me go, Ill make you king. Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself

6、 at home. I saw him enter the hall. The boss keeps them working all day. I heard my name called.状语状语 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当也可由从句来充当He did it carefully.Without his help, we couldnt work

7、 it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.定语定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语从句都可以充当定语 The black bike is mine. Whats your name? A broken vase. I have 5

8、books. A sleeping boy. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool.一一) 挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the scho

9、ol want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.(二二) 挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语- The old man was feeling very tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon They all became interested in the subject.(三三) 挑出下列句中的定语挑出下列句中的定语1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some pe

10、ople forgot to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!(四四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the

11、 work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.(五五) 挑出下列句中的状语挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Mis

12、s Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.1. The machine doesnt work.2. He is an honest student.3. The silk feels soft.4. I have a lot of friends here. 5. Tom lent

13、 me 200 dollars.6. I saw him writing a letter.7. I find maths difficult.8. We call her Lily.9. Father asked me to turn off the TV.主谓宾定状表宾补主 系an honest表主系主 谓主主主主主谓谓谓谓谓宾宾宾宾补宾补宾补宾宾宾1.You will tell （your） friend that youve got to school.2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didntdare open a wind

14、ow.主语谓语谓语间宾间宾定语直接宾语原因状语原因状语主语 谓语谓语宾语宾语Type 2. S+ViType 3. S+ Vt + OType 4. S+ Vt + O1+ O2Type 1. S+ link V+PType 5. S+ Vt+ O+ OC1.主语+系动词+表语（ S+Link.V+P ），说 明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。You are students.We are in the classroom.We are good friends, arent we? 2.主语+不及物动词 ( S + Vi. )Our school lies in the center of o

15、ur city.注：不及物动词不能用于被动语态。 The car accident was happened yesterday.You will graduate from it next year.3.主语+及物动词+宾语（S+Vt+O） I like my job very much. What do you want to be in the future ? Each of you has a dream . 注：及物动词可用于被动语态A great deal of water is used by people in that city.People use a great deal of water in that city.（主动语态）（被动语态）