中考英语词语释义题解题技巧.doc

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1、中考英语词语释义题解题技巧中考英语词语释义题解题技巧重点、难点、考点重点、难点、考点 一、重点是： (1)常见的构词法 1)合成词：合成词是由两个或两个以上的词构成一个新的词。如：blackboard(黑板)， newspaper(报纸)，afternoon(下午) ,pencil-box(铅笔盒)。 2)派生词：派生词是由词根加派生词缀构成的词，词根是派生词的基础，同一词根加不同 的派生词缀可以表示不同的意义，还可以表示不同的词的词性。 动词变名词：后缀 erdrive(驾驶)driver(驾驶员) teach(教)teacher(教师) read(阅读)reader(读者)后缀 orinv

2、ent(发明)inventor(发明家) visit(访问)visitor(访问者)后缀 tioninvent(发明)invention(发明) operate(手术)operation(手术) 名词变形容词：后缀 ywind(风)windy(刮风的) sun(太阳)sunny(晴朗的)后缀 fulhelp(帮助)helpful(有帮助的) care(小心)careful(小心的)后缀 lyfriend(朋友)friendly(友好的) 形容词变名词：+后缀 nessgood(好的)goodness(善良，美德) kind(和善的)kindness(和善) 形容词变副词：后缀 lybad(坏的

3、)badly(糟糕地) quick(快的)quickly(迅速地) 改变词义：前缀 unhappy(高兴的)unhappy(不高兴的) usual(平常的)unusual(不平常的) )转化词：转化词是指由一种词类转用作另一种词类的词。例如： hand(n .)手， hand(v .)传递， dry(adj .)干燥的， dry(v .) 烘干 说明初中总复习中，词汇的复习十分重要。掌握单词和词组的用法是学好语言的前提 之一。没有一定的词汇量，不掌握词语的基本用法，就失去了英语知识复习的基础，也就更谈 不上灵活运用和综合分析能力了。 (2)词形变化 英语词汇的词形变化除了前面讲的词根派生词缀构

4、成的派生词的变化外，还存在有一些 单词词尾的屈折变化，它们是： 1)表示名词复数的词形变化。例如： handhands(手)picturepictures(图片) knifeknives(小刀)citycities(城市) 2)表示形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的词形变化。例如： cheapcheapercheapest(便宜的) latelaterlatest(迟来的，迟来地) earlyearlierearliest(早的、早地) 3)表示动词一般现在时第三人称单数的词形变化。例如： cleancleans(打扫)catchcatches(按住) carrycarries(携带) 4)表示动

5、词过去时和-ed 分词的词形变化。例如： catchcatched(捉住)carrycarried(搬运)closeclosea(关闭)stopstopped(阻止) 5)表示动词-ing 分词的词形变化。例如： walkwalking(走)makemaking(做)sitsitting(坐) 二、难点是：如何运用词或词组。 三、考点是：(1)单词拼写。(2)词形变化。(3)对词语的理解运用和相似词语的辨析。有 关词汇的考题在中考中有 10 分左右。【经典范例引路经典范例引路】 例例 1 1 按要求写出下列单词的适当形式。 1 .Well(最高级)_2.begin(现在分词)_ 3 .busy

6、(反义词)_4.he(反身代词)_ (2001 年甘肃省中考题) 简析：简析：此题是对词形变化和单词的正确拼写的考查。要正确解答，应熟练掌握规律性的变 化形式，并牢固记忆一些特殊的词形变化。第 1 小题是考查副词的最高级。形容词和副词的比 较级和最高级的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化。well 的最高级属于不规则变化，为 best。 第小题是考查现在分词的构成。现在分词的构成为：(1)直接在动词原形后加-ing。(2)以不 发音的 e 结尾的动词，先去 e ,再加-ing。(3)以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母， 先双写这一辅音字母，再加-ing。此题符合第三条。故答案为 beginnin

7、g。第 3 小题是考查词 义及单词拼写。busy 意为“繁忙的，忙的”它的反义词应为“空闲的，闲的”free。故答案 为 free。第小题是考查人称代词对应的反身代词。答案为 himself。 例例 2 2 选择与句中划线部分意思相同或相近的词或短语。( )1 .Mary called him three times yesterday , but nobody answered . A .visitedB .gave a message to C .toldD .phoned ( )2 .Jim comes to visit us sometimes . That is always the

8、 happiest time for the whole family . A .on timeB .all the time C .at times D .many times ( )3 .Jimmy tried hard , and in the end he did it well . A .at first B .at the beginningC .at the end D .at last ( )4 .Oh , sorry . John . I forgot to post your letter .Thats all right . Ill post it myself. A .

9、Never think about it B .It doesnt matter C .Dont be sorryD .I dont care ( )5 .Hello !May I speak to the headmaster ?Hold on , please . A .Speak louderB .Wait a moment C .Call againD .Speak out (2001 年河北省中考题) 简析：简析：选出能替换划线部分的选项，这是一种常见题型。做此类题时应注意以下几点：(1)弄 懂句意，特别是划线部分意思，以及各选项的意思。(2)能替换划线部分的选项与划线部分意 思要相

10、同。(3)选项与划线部分在句法功能上保持一致。第小题划线部分 called 后接 him(sb)，首先要知道它在句中的意思，为“给打电话” 。选项意为“访问” ，选项意 为“给捎口信” ，选项意为“告诉” ，只有选项 .phoned 意人“给打电话” ，与划 线部分意思相同。且 phoned 与 called 的句法功能也相同。故答案为。第小题划线部分 sometimes 意为“有时，某时” 。A 选项意为“准时，按时” ，B 选项意为“一直总是” ，C 选项 意为“有时，某时” ，D 选项意为“许多次” 。故答案为 C。第 3 小题划线部分 in the end 意为 “最后，终于” 。A

11、选项意为“起初，开始” ，B 选项意为“在开始时” ，C 选项意为“在末尾” ，D 选项为“最后，终于” 。故答案为 D。第 4 小题划线部分 Thats all right 在此处意为“不 要紧，没关系” ，用来回答别人道歉的用语。A、B、C、D 四个选项中只有 It doesnt matter 与 Thats all right 意义相同。故答案为 B。第 5 小题划线部分 Hold on 在此处意为“等一 会儿” ，是打电话时的交际用语。只有 wait a moment 与 Hold on 意义相同，故答案为 B。 例例 3 3 单项选择。( )1 .Students are usual

12、ly interested in sports . Some like running ;some like swimming ;_like ball games .(2001 年上海市中考题)A .the othersB .othersC .the otherD .other ( )2 .Can you speak Chinese ,Peter ?(2001 年北京市海淀区中考题)Yes , but only_ . A .littleB .fewC .a littleD .a few ( )3 .Dont worry ,Ill take good care Polly .(2001 年天津市

13、中考题)A .forB .ofC. withD .to 简析：简析：此题是考查词语意义和用法上的区别，以及词语的固定搭配。在做此类题时，我们 应注意：(1)先读懂题意，找出考查点。(2)观察分析空格与它的前后部分的联系及空格在句中 的句法功能。(3)根据题意及分析结果，对比所有选项，选择最恰当的选项。(4)对于难度较大、 很难直接从正面找到答案，就可采用排除法根据题意和所学知识排除错误答案。剩下的便 是正确答案。第 1 小题是考查 the others ,others ,the other ,other 这四者在意义和用法 上的区别：the others 特指某一范围内的“其余的人(物)”而

14、others 泛指“其余的人(物)” 它常和 some 对比使用，即“some . . .others . . .” ，the other 特指“(两个中的)另一个” ，other 泛指“另一个” 。故答案为 B。第 2 小题是考查 little ,few ,a little ,a few 的用 法：某一语言不可数，因此 B、D 两选项不成立。而 little 是表示否定意义，a little 表示 肯定意义。根据题干的意思应为肯定，故答案为 C。第 3 小题是考查 take care of 这一固定 词组。故答案为 B。【综合能力训练综合能力训练】 .从下列 A、B、C、D 四个选项中找出恰

15、当的字母或字母组合使单词完整正确。( )1 .q terA .arB .orC .worD .uar ( )2 .know geA .ledB .lidC .ladD .le ( )3 .Sat dayA .erB .irC .urD .or ( )4 .po bleA .siB .ssiC .seD .sse ( )5 .lang geA .wiB .waC .ueD .ua ( )6 .gr ndA .ouB .auC .oaD .ua ( )7 .d ghterA .onB .auC .orD .ua ( )8 .b t fulA .u ;eB .eu ;iC .eau ;eD .eau

16、 ;i ( )9 .p c A .e ;cherB .i ;tureC .i ;cherD .e ;ture ( )10 .d ction ryA .e ;eB .i ;eC .e ;aD .i ;a .下列每组单词中，有一个单词有拼写错误，请指出。( )1 .A .caughtB .braughtC .taughtD .bought ( )2 .A .hasB .havingC .hadD .haved ( )3 .A .reechB .sweaterC .streetD .teacher ( )4 .A .JapaneseB .machineC .poleceD .writer ( )5

17、.A .careB .wearC .theirD .pare ( )6 .A .afraidB .radioC .almistD .Canadian( )7 .A .foreignB .friendC .quietlyD .piece ( )8 .A .ladderB .bottlerC .dangerD .farther ( )9 .A .dirtyB .pianoC .WenesdayD .twelfth ( )10 .A .suddenlyB .subjectC .sunshineD .student .根据所给英语释义写出单词(首字母已给出)。1 .become a member of

18、j 2 .have (clothes) on the bodyw 3 .almost noth 4 .not any ,no onen 5 .at lastf 6 .the fourth day of a weekW 7 .the opposite of cheape 8 .father or motherp 9 .ice boxf 10 .go in a car or on a horse or a biker .根据句意和音标写单词。1 .His sister is a li :g member. 2 .Our teacher often pleiz games with us. 3 .B

19、ell inventid the telephone. 4 .Do you bili :v what he said ? 5 .Whats the we like today ? 6 .They started climbing the mauntin. 7 . u he was ill ,he went to school. 8 .It took 300 workers a year to bild the railway bridge. 9 .By the end of last month the writer had ritn 250 pages. 10 .I will go shop

20、ping if I have ni to do this Sunday. .用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1 .“Thank you ,”he said (polite). 2 .Children must be stopped from (skate) on thin ice . 3 .She spends one hour (watch) TV every day . 4 .Keep (quietly) !They are listening to the teacher . 5 .Would you please say it again more (loud) ? 6 .Keep on

21、 (work) hard ,or youll fall behind other students . 7 .Ive been on the Great Wall (two) . 8 .Thank you for (lend) me the story book . 9 .I often write “Best (wish) for Teachers Day !”on the cards . 10 .Meimei did (badly) than Lucy in the high jump . 11 .After ten minutes rest ,they went on (walk) .

22、12 .I saw a wallet (lie) on the ground on my way home . 13 .There is a fire (burn) in the fireplace . 14 . (pick) apples is better than (have) classes . 15 .They went to the park instead of (stay) at home last Saturday .16 .“See you” is another way of (say) “Goodbye” . 17 .They enjoy (take) a walk a

23、fter supper . 18 .I dont feel like (eat) anything now . 19 .The teachers are busy (get) ready for tomorrows work. 20 .Dont forget to take the (shop) list with you.创新备考训练创新备考训练 (选自 2001 年各地中考题) .根据句意，选择与句中划线部分意思相同或相近的解释。1 .We are very glad to hear the good news . A .sorryB .sadC .pleased 2 .I will go

24、 to see my grandma this evening . A .visitB .moveC .watch 3 .They have a lot of apples and bananas in the basket . A .someB .manyC .much 4 .Alice will go shopping with her aunt tomorrow . A .buy somethingB .borrow booksC .wash clothes 5 .The little boy is good at drawing . A .is poor atB .is slow at

25、C .does well in 6 .What are the boys doing ?They are at work . A .are workersB .work hereC .are working 7 .We were busy last week ,so we had a little rest . A .a smallB .a shortC .a few 8 .Mrs Green usually goes for a walk after supper . A .has a walkB .walks aroundC .wants a walk 9 .Jim arrived at

26、the farm early. A .got onB .got upC .got to 10 .My grandma bought a big birthday present for both of us. A .both usB .we bothC .us both 11 .Hello ,may I speak to Mr. White ,please ? Hold on for a moment ,please . A .WaitB .SitC .Stop 12 .Its really difficult to learn maths well . A .wrongB .easyC .h

27、ard 13 .Bob is very strong .He is able to carry the box. A .mustB .canC .need 14 .Han Meimei has a few American friends . A .manyB .someC .no 15 .We are happy to see you again . A .worriedB .sadC .pleased .根据句意及汉语提示，在下列各句空缺处写出各单词的正确形式。 1 .Can you answer my (三) question in English ? 2 .Mary did (差) i

28、n the exam than Lucy . 3 .Look !They are talking (高兴) in the room . 4 .I (驾驶) my car to Beijing last summer . 5 .My house is not far from my (叔叔) .6 .The sun is (照耀) brightly in the sky . 7 .They will bring some (土豆) for a picnic tomorrow . 8 .He gets on very well with his (父母) . 9 .I like (浅) colou

29、rs ,for example ,white . 10 .Mr Wang (搬迁) here last week .He is a new comer . 11 .I usually go to work on (步行) . 12 .There are ten (班级) in our grade . 13 .Lucy studies (努力地) than Lily 14 .Mr Smith will give us a talk at the (会议) . 15 .Excuse me ,may I (借) your eraser ?Certainly .here you are . 16 .I

30、t is an (容易的) question .I can answer it . 17 .He wont do it .I wont do it , (也) . 18 .Is there a (书桌) in your room ? 19 .Your hands are so (脏的) again .Go and wash them . 20 .They have planted more than two (千) young trees this spring . .根据句子的意思和首字母提示，用适当的词填空，使句子的意思连贯与正确。1 .Whose is this T-shirt ?It

31、isnt m .Its hers . 2 .This bag is big .Please give me a s one . 3 .My father works in a hospital .He is a d . 4 .April is the f month of the year . 5 .When the lights are g ,the traffic can go . 6 .Fifteen minutes is a q . 7 .September 10th is T Day . 8 .C is spoken by the largest number of people i

32、n the world . 9 .When s comes ,everything begins to grow .Its my favourite season of the year . 10 .Pardon ,doctor ? I said ,“Take the m three times a day ,and youll be well soon .” 11 .Mr Turner liked visiting some places of great interest ,but he didnt want to s too much money . 12 .Have you watch

33、ed the seven oclock CCTV news report ? Yes .There is a lot of i news in it . 13 .You look w .Whats wrong with you ? 14 .Do you mind cleaning your room ?Its very d . Certainly not .Ill do it as soon as possible . 参考答案参考答案 综合能力训练综合能力训练 .15 DACBD 610 ABDBD .15 BDACD 610 CABCC .1 .join 2 .wear 3 .hardly

34、 4 .none 5 .finally 6 .Wednesday 7 .expensive 8 .parent 9 .fridge 10 .ride . 1 .League 2 .plays 3 .invented 4 .believe 5 .weather 6 .mountain 7 .Though 8 .build 9 .written 10 .nothing .1 .politely 2 .skating 3 .watching 4 .quiet 5 .loudly 6 .working 7 .twice 8 .lending 9 .wishes 10 .worse 11 .walkin

35、g 12 .lying 13 .burning 14 .Picking ;having 15 .staying 16 .saying 17 .taking 18 .eating 19 .getting 20 .shopping 创新备考训练创新备考训练 . 1 .C 2 .A 3 .B 4 .A 5 .C 6 .C 7 .B 8 .A 9 .C 10 .C 11 .A 12 .C 13 .B 14 .B 15 .C . 1 .third 2 .worse 3 .happily 4 .drove 5 .uncles 6 .shining 7 .potatoes 8 .parents 9 .light 10 .moved 11 .foot 12 .classes 13 .harder 14 .meeting 15 .borrow 16 .easy 17 .either 18 .desk 19 .dirty 20 .thousand .1 .mine 2 .small 3 .doctor 4 .fourth 5 .green 6 .quarter 7 .Teachers 8 .Chinese 9 .spring 10 .medicine 11 .spend 12 .important/interesting 13 .worried/weak 14 .dirty