高中英语Unit2《Cloning》课件-usinglanguage新人教版选修8.ppt

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1、Extensive reading克隆技术大事记克隆技术大事记 1938年年: :德国科学家首次提出克隆想法。德国科学家首次提出克隆想法。 1952年年: :科学家开始用青蛙进行克隆实验。科学家开始用青蛙进行克隆实验。 1970年年: :克隆青蛙实验取得突破克隆青蛙实验取得突破, ,青蛙卵发育青蛙卵发育 成了蝌蚪成了蝌蚪, , 但是在开始进食以后死亡。但是在开始进食以后死亡。1981年年: :科学家进行克隆鼠实验科学家进行克隆鼠实验, ,据称用据称用鼠胚胎细胞培育出了正常的鼠。鼠胚胎细胞培育出了正常的鼠。1984年年: :第一只胚胎克隆羊诞生。第一只胚胎克隆羊诞生。1997年年2月月24日日:

2、 :英国罗斯林研究所宣布英国罗斯林研究所宣布克隆羊培育成功。科学家用取自一只克隆羊培育成功。科学家用取自一只6 6岁岁成年羊的乳腺细胞培育成功一只克隆羊。成年羊的乳腺细胞培育成功一只克隆羊。 1998年年2月月23日日: :英英国国PPL医疗公司宣布医疗公司宣布,该公司克隆出一头牛犊该公司克隆出一头牛犊“杰弗逊先生杰弗逊先生”。 1998年年7月月5日日: :日日本科学家宣布本科学家宣布,他们利他们利用成年动物体细胞克隆的两头牛犊诞生。用成年动物体细胞克隆的两头牛犊诞生。1998年年7月月22日日: :科学家采用一种新克隆科学家采用一种新克隆技术技术, ,用成年鼠的体细胞成功地培育出用成年鼠的

3、体细胞成功地培育出了第三代共了第三代共5050多只克隆鼠多只克隆鼠, ,这是人类第这是人类第一次用克隆动物克隆出克隆动物。一次用克隆动物克隆出克隆动物。 1999年年5月月31日日: :美国夏威夷大学的科学美国夏威夷大学的科学家家, ,利用成年体细胞克隆出第一只雄性利用成年体细胞克隆出第一只雄性老鼠。老鼠。 19991999年年6 6月月1717日日: :以美藉华人科学家杨以美藉华人科学家杨向中为首的研究小组利用一头向中为首的研究小组利用一头1313岁高岁高龄的母牛耳朵上取出的细胞克隆出小龄的母牛耳朵上取出的细胞克隆出小牛。牛。20002000年年1 1月月3 3日日: :美国著名华人杨向中美

4、国著名华人杨向中, ,用体外长期培养后的公牛耳皮细胞成用体外长期培养后的公牛耳皮细胞成功克隆出功克隆出6 6头牛犊。头牛犊。 20002000年年1 1月月: :美国科学家宣布克隆猴成功美国科学家宣布克隆猴成功, ,这只恒河猴被命名这只恒河猴被命名“泰特拉泰特拉”。20002000年年3 3月月1414日日: :曾参与克隆小羊曾参与克隆小羊“多利多利”的英国的英国PPLPPL公司宣布公司宣布, ,他们成功培育出他们成功培育出5 5头头克隆猪。克隆猪。Please enjoy some pictures about dinosaurs. 霸王龙霸王龙tyrannosaurus剑龙剑龙stegos

5、aurs角龙角龙 ceratopsids雷龙雷龙 brontosaurus翼龙翼龙pterodactylAnswer the following questions: 1. Why shouldnt you clone an extinct animal if there isnt enough diversity in the group? 2.Why is it wrong to clone an extinct animal if it would have to live in a zoo? 3.Why cant you clone the DNA of animals that ha

6、ve been extinct longer than 10,000 years? 1. Why shouldnt you clone an extinct animal if there isnt enough diversity in the group? Keys: There will not be enough genetic variation in the group to be able to resist new illnesses. 2. Why is it wrong to clone an extinct animal if it would have to live

7、in a zoo? It is not a good idea to clone an animal that would have to live in a zoo because it is not a suitable habitat to develop and increase its numbers. The zoo is not a natural environment for a wild animal.3. Why cant you clone the DNA of animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 year

8、s? The DNA of animals more than 10,000 years old is not suitable for cloning, for it cant survive so long.1. The writer of the text_ A. is excited by the possibility of cloning fierce and extinct animals B. believes that extinct animals can be brought back to life by cloningC. thinks it impossible o

9、r unsuitable to clone extinct animals like dinosaurs D. dreams of dinosaurs returning to the earth主旨大意主旨大意2. The film Jurassic Park is popular because _. A. people are interested in the subject of cloning B. all the actors are dinosaurs C. it was directed by a scientist who clones dinosaurs D. it pr

10、oves very interesting细枝末节细枝末节A3. Which of the following is true? _A. Mice were cloned in 1981.B. Dolly the sheep was the first cloned animal.C. The name of the cloned cow is “Bison”D. China was successful in cloning mammals.4. The reasons why a group of cloned animals all die of the same illness do

11、NOT include_. A. they have the same arrangement of genes B. there isnt enough diversity in the group for it to overcome illnesses C. the illness is a new one D. their arrangement of genes can not resist that new disease5. We can infer from the text that_ A. scientists are experimenting to clone dino

12、saursB. dinosaurs will never return to the earthC. cloned animals will only live in the zooD. the DNA of dinosaurs can only survive 10 000 year推理判断推理判断True or false. 1. Scientists are still experimenting with cloning mammals because they think it can make money.2. The animals that have disappeared f

13、rom the earth, like dinosaurs, can be brought back to life through cloning.3. If we can clone any extinct animals, we should let them live in a zoo.FFF1. The popularity of the film Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several different kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how interested ordinary

14、 people are in the subject. 长句难句长句难句 电影电影侏罗纪公园侏罗纪公园的欢迎证实的欢迎证实了普通人对这一话题是多么感兴趣了普通人对这一话题是多么感兴趣,在该电影中一位科学家克隆了几种不在该电影中一位科学家克隆了几种不同的恐龙。同的恐龙。 in which引导定语从句引导定语从句, how引导引导宾语从句。宾语从句。 2. From time to time people suggest that the animals that have disappeared from the earth, like dinosaurs, can possibly be br

15、ought back to life through cloning. 人们时常设想从地球上消失的动物人们时常设想从地球上消失的动物,例如恐龙例如恐龙,有可能通过克隆技术使它有可能通过克隆技术使它们复活。们复活。from time to time有时有时, 间或间或, 偶尔偶尔,= occasionally, now and then。3. It is useless to clone an animal if there is not enough diversity in the group for it to overcome illnesses. 该群中如果没有足够的多样性使它该群中如

16、果没有足够的多样性使它克服疾病克服疾病, ,克隆动物就没有用。克隆动物就没有用。当动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语当动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时时, 通常把它们放在谓语之后通常把它们放在谓语之后, 而用而用it作句子的形式主语。作句子的形式主语。4. Diversity in a group means having animals with their genes arranged in different ways. 群中的多样性指的是拥有基因排列群中的多样性指的是拥有基因排列方式不同的动物。方式不同的动物。 with their genes arranged in different

17、ways作作定语定语, in different ways 以不以不同的方式。同的方式。5. .but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to their children. .其他的将存活下来并传递给其后其他的将存活下来并传递给其后代抵抗这种病的能力。代抵抗这种病的能力。resist 作及物动词主要有三个义项作及物动词主要有三个义项: 抵抗抵抗, 对抗对抗; 抵挡抵挡, 防止防止; (与与cannot, could not连用连用) 无法抗拒无法抗拒, 无法抵挡。无法抵挡。base on/up

18、on 以以为基础为基础, 依据依据其结构为其结构为: base sth. on/upon sth. is based on/upon6. Based on what we know now, you can not clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10000 years. 据我们现在所知据我们现在所知, 绝种一万年以上的绝种一万年以上的动物不能克隆。动物不能克隆。 May the best animal win! Which extinct animals are worth restoring by means of clon

19、ing? Choose one and use the information to help you argue why this animal should be restored to the earth.Auroch (1627)Dodo bird (1755)Quagga (1883)A sample dialogue (P16)S1: I think the dodo bird should be returned to the earth. It hasnt been extinct very long. So its DNA will still be good enough

20、for cloning.S2: Yes and sailors in the past always described the dodo as being a very friendly animal. So it would make a good pet. It wasnt too large either. I cant see any other extinct animals becoming a pet, can you?S1: No, indeed. 1 know its a bird like the Great Auk but neither of them could f

21、ly. So if you kept either, it wouldnt escape from a park, a family or its home in the wild. You could also farm a dodo, unlike all the others, and produce many of them as exotic pets.S2: And what about its large nutritious eggs? Just one would feed a large family. So theres more than one reason for

22、producing it in commercial numbers.S1: Did you know that its meat is very tasty too! Perhaps it could be farmed like ostriches and provide a good source of protein.S2: The only problem is that it needs hot climate to survive. But thats easy to provide with all its other advantages. I dont think any

23、of the other animals stands a chance against the dodo.S1: So we both agree that the best extinct animal to be cloned is the dodo bird.S2: Yes.3. A sample report(p.17)The dodo is the most suitable animal to be cloned for several reasons. First, it became extinct fairly recently so its DNA is still in

24、 good condition. Second, it was always described as being a very friendly animal and it would make a good pet. Third, it cannot fly. So it wouldnt escape from a park, a family or its home in the wild.You could farm a dodo and sell it as an exotic pet. Fourth, it produces large nutritious eggs which

25、could feed a large family. Fifth, its meat is very tasty too! Perhaps it could be farmed like ostriches and provide a good source of protein. Although it needs hot climate to survive, we feel that this can be easily provided. In return the dodo would provide a most useful source of pleasure and food.Finish Ex. 2, Page16; Ex. 3-4, Page17.Homework