高三写作高分词汇提高班.doc

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1、第 1 页写作高分词汇写作高分词汇Education培养cultivate(v.) foster(v.) nurture(v.) 促进学生身心发展promote the students physical, mental (or intellectual) and emotional development心理健康psychological soundness (or well-being/farewell)上学attend school (“上学”似乎根本不是个问题，但其 实在 IELTS 写作里也有比 go to school 更精准的 表达。如果要具体写去上某一所或者某类学校则 可以给

2、school 加上 a 或者复数) 剑 8例句：Others, however, believe that boys and girls benefit more from attending mixed schools (男女合校). 学习能力（先天）aptitude(n.) talent(n.) 学习能力（后天）skill(n.) 学校教育schooling(n.) 家庭教育upbringing(n.)/parenting(n.) 给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth./ motivate the students to do sth.

3、青少年 adolescents(n.) youngsters(n.) youths(n.) 传授知识impact (or inculcate) knowledge 灌输高尚的价值观instill high moral values(注意value 这里是复数) 给学生以灵感give the students inspiration 教学法teaching (or pedagogical) methodology 适应adapt to do sth. adjust oneself to do sth. become accustomed to do sth.适应能力adaptability (n

4、.) 学生对老师所授知识的掌握students grasp (or command) of what has been taught 就业能力 employable (or marketable) skills 填鸭式教法教学生force-feed the students 学生不应该只是被动 接受知识的容器Students should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas 死记硬背 learn things by rote 为了记忆而记忆memorise for memorisations own sake第

5、2 页责任感a sense of obligation/duty/responsibility 记忆方程式、公式、定理、定义 memorise equations, formulas, theorems and laws 应用apply(vt.) 盲从 follow sth. blindly follow sth. indiscriminately 限制创造力的发展extinguish (or stifle/constrain) creativity 打击学生的积极性dampen (or sap) the students enthusiasm frustrate the students 产

6、生不必要的压力beget (or create) undue pressure 塑造某人的性格mould ones character 把学生分开教育 segregate the students同龄人peers来自其他同学的压力peer pressure 逆境adverse circumstances adverstity (n.) 团队精神 team spirit 独立思考think independently 在理解的基础上思考 learn things through understanding 鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题encourage the students to think

7、critically 学生的反馈students feedback students input 学生评级老师的教学Students appraise/evaluate their teachers performance 各门科目的总称curriculum (n.) 具体一门科目的内容syllabus (n.) 课外活动extra-curricular activities 学校是社会的缩影A school is soclety in miniature 不遵守纪律 (名词)indiscipline ( n.) misbehavior (n.) mischief (n.) 违反纪律的学生di

8、sruptive students unruly students 理论知识theoretical knowledge 通才gegeneralist (n.) 专才specialist (n.) 全面发展的well-rounded (adj.) versatile (adj.) 为社会健康发展作贡献contribute to societal well-being (or welfare) 人文学科humanities (n.) 社会科学social sciences 艺术arts (n.) 文科总称liberal studies/arts (n.)第 3 页理科sciences (n.) 工

9、科engineering (n.) 学科(通称)discipline (n.) 基础科学basic sciences 应用科学applied sciences 小(中、大学)教育primary-level (or secondary-level/ tertiary-level) education 职业教育vocational educationTechnology 尖端的信息cutting-edge technology 信息爆炸information explosion(or overload) 信息时代the information age(or era) 互联网的广泛使用the pro

10、liferation use of the Internet/the extensive use of the Internet/ the widespread use of the Internet 科技创新及发展technological innovations(or inventions) and advances/progressions 提高效率augment(or enhance/boost) efficiency 提高生产效率augment(or enhance/boost) productivity 减少人力的机器labour-saving machinery 取代人力的机器l

11、abour-replacing machinery 自动化automation(n.) automated(adj.) 生物技术biotechnology 克隆clone(v.) cloning(n.) 远程通信telecommunication 太空探索space exploration/space probe 人的基因构成ones genetic makeup ones DNA programmingMedia 时事current affairs 新闻界the press 印刷媒体the print media 电子媒体the electronic media 报道新闻的机构news ou

12、tlets 无处不在的prevalent(adj.) ubiquitous(adj.) pervasive(adj.) 充斥着be awash with be inundated with第 4 页be saturated with sth 审查censor(v.) 删除delete(v.) eliminate(v.) excise(v.) 过多的暴力与色情内容dxcessive (or gratuitous) violent and pornographic 有误导性的misleading(adj.) misrepresented(adj.) distorted(adj.) 诈骗性的frau

13、dulent(adj.) 虚假的false(adj.) bogus(adj.) 报道非常详尽的细节report sth. In graphic detail 媒体炒作media hype 夸大事件exaggerate things sensationalise things blow things out of all proportions 公正客观的objective and balanced 揭露expose(v.) reveal(v.) 侵犯隐私violate (or intrude on/infringe on ) someones privacy 毁坏某人的名誉tarnish(or

14、 sully/smear/besmirch) ones reputation 狗仔队paparazzi(n.) (paparazzi)是复数名词 名人celebrities(pl.) 单数是 a celebrity 丑闻scandals(n.) 掩盖cover up gloss over whitewash (v.) 不客观的biased(adj.) akewed(adj.) unobjective(adj.) 如实的描述factual accounts 可信的reliable(adj.) trustworthy(adj.) dependable(adj.) 及时的up-to-date up-

15、to-the-minute 信息量大的informative(adj.)第 5 页娱乐性强的entertaining(adj.) 有新闻价值的newsworthy(adj.) 道德标准code of ethics code of conductGovernment当局authorities(n.) 老百姓citizens(n.) the citizenry 规范，管理regulate (v.) monitor(v.) oversee(v.) 实施implement(v.) 立法legislate(v.) make laws 严禁strictly prohibit ban altogether

16、严格的法律stringent laws (or legislation) 监督scrutiny(n.) scrutinise(v.) monitor(v.) 为拨款allocate money to sth. be a patron of invest in fund (v.) dedicate mondy to sth. 预算budget (n.) 税收tax revenue 政府开支the government spending/expenditure on sth. 剑 8实例：the changes in annual government spending消减curtail (v.)

17、 增添augment (v.) 当务之急priority (n.) 把当成当务之急give priority to sth. 责任duty (n.) responsibility (n.) obligation (n.) 军备竞赛arms race (n.) 自卫self-defence (n.) 国土安全national security homeland security第 6 页缺乏远见的政策Short-sighted policy 扩张expansion (n.) aggression (n.) 谋求霸权seek (or pursue) hegemony 恶性循环a vicious c

18、ircle 地区不稳定因素destabilising factors 规章制度rules and regulations 太空竞赛space race 武器arms (n.) weapons (n.) armaments (n.) 下岗工人laid-off workers downsized workers 失业unemployment (n.) joblessness (n.) 基础设施infrastructure (n.) 公共交通系统public transport system (这是英式写法) 电网power grid 民主的democratic 民主democracy 石油天然气管

19、线pipelines 给排水系统water supply and drainage system 民主与开明的政府a democratic and progressive governmentLanguage一种可以通用的语言a lingua franca a universal language a global language 英语的广泛应用the proliferation of English英语的统治地位the dominant role ( or the ascendancy/ the hegemony ) of English方言dialect ( n. ) vernacula

20、r ( n. ) the indigenous language小语种将会消亡lesser-known languages will become extinct ( or obsolete )小语种的消亡the extinction ( or demise )of lesser-known languagesCulture 文化遗产包括有形的和无形的两种，有形的如历史遗迹；无形的如风俗、仪式、传统 道德观念等。 Cultural heritage can be divided into two groups: tangible cultural heritage, such as histo

21、ric sites, and intangible cultural heritage, such as cutomes, rites, rituals and mores.第 7 页保护preserve (v.) / protect ( v. )祖先forefathers ( n.) ancestors ( n.)后代descendants ( n.) posterity ( n.) 少数民族ethnic minorities民族团结the harmony between ethnic groups ( or races ) 文化融合cultural integration and synt

22、hesis相互影响interaction (n. )动词词组是 interact with文化多元性cultural diversity / cultural heterogeneity (第 二个表达非常正式，只作替换时用) 丰富enrich ( v.)狭隘的观念insular ( or provincial/ parochial ) mentality贬低deprecate (v. ) denigrate ( v. ) minimise the importance of disparage ( v. ) trivialise ( v. ) discredit ( v. ) 不是一成不变的

23、sth. is not set/carved in stoneDevelopment生活节奏加速The tempo/ pace of life is accelerating持续的疲劳fatigue ( n. )导致人与人之间疏远create alienation between people过于功利的materialistic (adj. ) mercenary (adj. ) money-worshipping (adj. ) 追求最大限度利润pursue maximum profit（公共的）交通运输方式modes of transport/ means of transport (请注

24、 意 transport 作名词时是英式拼写，对应的 名词美式拼写则是被国内同学所更熟悉的 transportation) 交通工具vehicle (n.)私家车private vehicle汽油petrol (BrE) / gasoline (AmE)交通堵塞traffic jams traffic congestion gridlock ( n.) 剑 8例句：Traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type of private vehicle people can use.第 8 页阻碍impede (v.) hind

25、er (v.) hamper (v.) obstruct (v.) inhibit (v.)扶贫poverty alleviation (v.)就业机会job opportunity employment opportunity贫穷的needy (adj.) poverty-stricken impoverished (adj.) deprived (adj.) destitute (adj.) indigent (adj.)富裕的affluent (adj.) wealthy (adj.) well-off 撞车car wrecks car accidents 行人pedestrians (

26、n.) 交通肇事者traffic accident perpetrators 违章横穿马路jaywalk (v.) 监控摄像头surveillance camera 有特殊审美价值的老房子old buildings of special aesthetic value 有特殊历史意义的老房子buildings of historic significnace 居民vernacular dwellings 让城市更美好enhance the cityscape破旧的（房子）decrepit (adj.) rundown (adj.) rickety (adj.) dilapidated (adj

27、.)拆除tear down/ knock down/ demolish/ rase (a building) 高楼high-rise buildings 摩天大楼skyscrapers (n.) 城市化urbanization (n.) 城乡差距the disparity between the city and the countryside 城市的urban (adj.） 乡村的rural (adj.) 搬迁relocate (v.)第 9 页在家上班telecommute (v.)休闲leisure (n.) recreation (n.) 精神上的享受amusement and enj

28、oyment娱乐entertainment (n.) diversion (n.) 宽松的管理laissez-faire management运营成本operating costs overhead costs 雇用recruit (v.) 会导致效率降低的counterproductive (adj.)劳动力资源labour pool (labour 是英式写法) 抑郁症depression (n.)失眠sleeplessness (n.) sleep-deprivation insomnia (n.)人口爆炸population explosion population boom控制人口f

29、amily planning birth control爱慕虚荣的pretentious (adj.) ostentatious (adj.) 缺少运动的生活方式sedentary lifestyle 营养过剩overnourishment (n.)Globalisation 合作cooperate with/ collaborate with（一个国家或地区的）文化特性(nation or regional) cultural identity全球文化同一化过程（即地区文化的消失）global cultural homogenisation文化同一性cultural homogeneity

30、cultural uniformity全球化是一把双刃剑Globalisation is a two-edged sword.地球村the global village文化同化cultural assimilation侵蚀亚洲文化erode the Asian cultureWomen两性平等gender equality性别歧视gender discrimination sexism (n.)一个开明的社会a progressive/enlightened society被家务事拖累be tied down household chores 第 10 页生育孩子child bearing抚育

31、孩子child rearing母性本能maternal instinct家务事housework (n.) household choresFamilies老年人elderly people senior citizens家庭成员间的情感纽带family bonds family ties 归属感a sense of belonging对的依恋an attachment to sth. an affinity for sth. 单亲家庭single-parent households虐待mistreat (v.) abuse (v.) 家庭暴力domestic violence毒品上瘾addi

32、ction to drugs be addicted to drugsTourism旅游景点tourist attractions tourist spots places of interest 开阔眼界push back(or expand)ones vision(or horizons) (horizons 必须是复数) 游客可以与当地人互动Tourists can interact with the locals.促进文化交流promote cultural communication吸引draw(or attract/appeal to/be a magnet for sb.) 亲身

33、体验first-hand experience多种感官体验的（如听觉，触觉等）multi-sensory(adj.)冲突conflict(与 with 搭配使用)争端discord (n.) dissension (n.) 把游客和当地人隔离seclude (or isolate) the tourist from the locals 商业化commercialise (v.) commodify (v.) 间接体验（比如通过电视或者互联网）second-hand experience / vicarious experience第 11 页文化遗产cultural heritage互联网不

34、会让旅游业过时the Internet will not render tourism obsoleteEnvironment生态平衡ecological balance ecological equilibrium 可持续发展sustainable development环保主义者environmentalists (n.) conservationists (n.) 对环境无害的environmentally-friendly (adj.)节约使用conserve (v.)保护preserve (v.)再利用reuse (v.) recycle (v.) 各国必须携手解决环境问题count

35、ries on this planet must join forces/make a concerted effort/unite to combat (or tackle/resolve/address) environmental problems 增强公众关于的意识raise (or elevate) the public awareness of sth. 短缺shortage (n.) scarcity (n.) dearth (n.) lack (n.) 让资源承受很大的压力put a strain on the resources stretch resources to th

36、e limit (固定短语) 破坏自然资源wreak havoc on natural resources砍伐森林deforestation (n.)污染pollute (v.) contaminate (v.) 有毒的poisonous (adj.) toxic (adj.) 增加农产品产量boost crop yield可再生资源renewable resources不可再生资源non-renewable resources(包括：金属 metals、矿产 minerals、石油 petroleum、天然气 natural gas、煤 coal 等。后三种可以总称为 fossil fuel

37、s) 消耗（某种资源）consume (v.) deplete (v.) 用尽（某种资源）use up exhaust (v.)第 12 页严厉的措施harsh actions/measures (n.)生态系统ecosystem (n.) ecological system 某一地区所有生物总称the wildlife in a region the biota (=flora+fauna) of a region 生物的多样性biodiversity （n.）污水effluent (n,) sewage (n.) 排放discharge (n.)温室效应greenhouse effect

38、global warming 严重的severe (adj.) grave (adj.) grievous (adj.) 白色污染产生的垃圾non-biodegradable garbage wastes that cannot decompose or break down inorganic trash 谴责而不是纵容condemn rather than condone sth.臭氧层ozone layer肥沃的土壤fertile soil贫瘠的土壤infertile soil耕地arable land farmland (n.)Crime触犯法律break( or violate/ f

39、lout/ disobey) the law 犯罪commit a crime 罪行offences(n.) (英式拼写) crimes(n.) criminal acts 罪犯criminal(n.) offender(n.) culprit(n.) perpetrator(n.) 从犯accomplice(n.) accessory(n.) (后者指帮助犯罪但未直接参与的人) 憎恨社会resent society hold a grudge against society 囚犯inmate(n.) convicts(n.) 受害者victim(n.)第 13 页心理创伤trauma(n.)

40、 牢房cell(n.) 监禁imprison( or incarcerate) someone 被绳之以法be brought to justice 宽容的lenient( adj.) 改造罪犯reform criminals rehabilitate criminals 执法部门law enforcement agencies 重罪heinous crime flagitious crime felony( n.) 轻罪petty crime misdemeanor( 这是英式拼写) 初犯的人first-time offender 惯犯hardened criminals repeat cr

41、iminals 再次犯罪revert to crime 守法的公民law-abiding citizens 遵守法律abide by the law comply with the law 无视disregard( v.) 给某人造成心理创伤traumatize someone 抓捕track down hunt down capture( v.) 犯罪倾向criminal tendencyAnimals动物权益保护主义者animal right activists医学研究medical research残忍的cruel( adj.) merciless( adj.) inhuman( adj

42、.) （主义和 inhumane“不人道”的区分） callous( adj.) brutal( adj.) 活体解剖vivisection( n.)麻醉anaesthetic(n.) (这是英式拼写) 减轻动物的痛苦relieve/ alleviate/ ease animals pain宠物是主人的伙伴pets are their masters companions给主人心理安慰afford their masters consolation and comfort第 14 页偷猎poach( v.) poaching( n.) 某一种事物是没有替代物的there are no replacements/ substitutes/ alternatives for sth. (如果是单数则 replacementssubstitutes 和 alternatives 要去掉 s) 以上就是 288 个高分词汇。