Ecological Planning of State Owned forest in Finla.ppt

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1、1 2002Ecological Planning of State Owned forest in FinlandForestry seminar August 28, 2003Petri Heinonen2 2002Lands and waters administered by MetshallitusWATERS 3.3 mill. hectaresLANDS 9.0 mill. hectares: 27 % of the total land area38%45%17%Forest land in managed forests3.4 mill. hectares;17 % of t

2、he productive forest landConservation areas, wilderness reserves and other areas4.1 mill. hectaresScrub and non-productive land1.5 mill. hectares3 2002Metshallitus applies functional planning systemsNatural resource planningOperational planningLandscape ecological planningSpecial planningParticipati

3、on Stakeholders participate in planning4 2002Landscape Ecological PlanningThe development of the method was started in 1993 together with Finnish Environment Institute, Pilot plan of Vuokki in 1994 and large-scale launching of the project in 1995.Objectives To ensure the survival of an areas natural

4、 species over the long term To ensure the multiple use of forests: game habitats, scenery, hiking routes, other recreational use and forestry To reinforce areas protected area network by valuable nature habitats in production forests To harmonise ecological, economical and socio-cultural objectivesG

5、eneral Principles Planning area 20 000 - 100 000 hectares Plans were drawn in cooperative projects by specialists representing forestry, nature conservation and recreational use of forests Stakeholders and local inhabitants are invited to participate5 2002The Data Collection in the LEPField inventor

6、ySpeciesDead and decaying wood other structural featuresGIS Tree data Site Water condition Key biotopes Threatened species Game Other livelihoods Protected areas Other special areasOther sources of data Base maps Aerial photos Land-use planning Mapping of nature values Other inventories Register of

7、threatened sp. Special plansParticipatory planning Working groups Local inhabitants National group of specialists6 2002Landscape Ecological PlanKey BiotopesThreatened speciesProtected area networkEcological connectionGame areasRestorationBiodiversity enhancementareasScenic forestsCultural valuesSpec

8、ial areas for other livelihoodsTargets for proportion of old-growth forests, broadleaved trees and broadleaved dominated forests and for prescribed burningLandscape Ecological Plan7 2002Landscape Ecological Planning ProjectAll in all 112 Lanscape Ecological Plans were drawnThe plans cover 6,4 mill.

9、hectares of state landsThe treeless tundra of Northern Lapland is not coveredThe project took 160 person years of labour20 person years of labour by professional biologistsMajority of the labour was field workTotal project costs 7,6 mill. An open process: more than 6000 persons beyond Metshallitus p

10、articipated in the planning process one way or another.221 Public Hearings totalling 4420 persons115 Stakeholder Group Meetings totalling 873 various parties100 other occasions totalling 943 persons8 2002The Results of LEPSpecial areas were defined in the commercial and recreational forests of the s

11、tate as follows:All in all 168 000 hectares of Valuable Nature Habitats (WKH) of which101 300 hectares on productive forest landsAll in all 181 000 hectares of Ecological Connections of which87 000 hectares on productive forest lands and of these28 000 hectares spruce dominated; the nature values of

12、 these will be preserved permanently6883 occurrences of threatened and other remarkable species were found129 500 hectares of productive forest land was left permanently beyond forestryForestry was limited on 240 000 hectares of productive forest landScenic forestsCultural areasGame areasThe Net Eco

13、logical Investment 24 mill. /a9 2002Evaluation of Landscape Ecological PlanningGeneral Statement”Landscape-ecological planning of Metshallitus represents a remarkable development towards ecologically, economically and socio-culturally sustainable forestry.”A Holistic Multidimensional EvaluationEvalu

14、ation was implemented by Helsinki Consulting Group Oy Ltd 1.6.2000 - 31.5.2001. Team Leader: Prof. Jari Niemel University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science, Department of ecology and systematics. Team of 10 members representing multiple scientific expertise”Implementation of the landscape-ecological p

15、lans will have significant positive impacts on preservation of biodiversity and maintenance of species.”There are, however, some deficiencies and problems related to the scientific basis and application of the planning system, and therefore further development is necessary.”Metshallitus has put the

16、landscape-ecological planning system into practice fairly efficiently and quickly.”10 2002Development of Landscape Ecological PlanningMonitoring of impactsRecreationNature TourismNatural livelihoodsProtection of Habitatsand Natural DynamicsParticipatoryPlanningEnvironmental Code of ForestryResearchD

17、evelopmentCooperationInstructions for LEPSystems GIS Cutting Budget Reporting Monitoring of ActivitiesOther Projects PP at operational level BD enhancement Prescribed burning Restoration OtherKainuu ProjectCombiningNRMPs and LEP11 2002Participatory Planning by MetshallitusPublichearingsParticipantsC

18、ommentsgivenNumber ofstakeholder groupsWorking groupmeetingsKainuu1260016006020West-Finland1952020904334East-Lapland3163017006020West-Lapland3069048007026Ostrobotnia244405003511East-Finland15135028004710North-Lapland30210052008758Total161633018 690402179PublichearingsParticipantsWorking groupmeeting

19、sNo. of stakeholdergroupsOtheroccasionsParticipantsKainuu451090108710250West-Finland29670291717108East-Lapland425151510710149West-Lapland42542141003071Ostrobotnia255101392213East-Finland31935141919200North-Lapland61502012532152Total2204412115873100943Regional Natural Resources Management PlansLandsc

20、ape Ecological Plans12 2002Results of Landscape Ecological Planning: WKHEcologically Valuable Habitats3826005 00010 00015 00020 00025 00030 00035 00040 00045 000Water courseSpringStreamTarnHillCliffs, ravines, etcHerb-rich forestsFertile swampSwamp islandFlooding meadowInfertile swampOld-Growth fore

21、stYoung succession standCultural habitatOther13 2002Results of Landscape Ecological Planning: Age-ClassesAge-Class Distributions0510152025300-2021-4041-6061-8081-100101-125126-150151-175176-200201-%Ecologically Valuable HabitatsScenic & Cultural ForestsCommercial Forests14 2002Results of Landscape E

22、cological Planning: Site-ClassesSite-Class Distribution010203040506070Herb-RichGrass-HerbMesicMesic-DryDry SiteVery Poor Site%Commercial ForestsEcologically Valuable HabitatsScenic & Cultural Forests15 2002Results of Landscape Ecological Planning: endangered speciesNumber of locations of endangered

23、species05001000150020002500Species protected by lawNationally endangeredRegionally endangeredOther important species16 2002Results of Landscape Ecological Planning: the magnitudeStrictly protected areas in Finland, 714 000 ha of productive forest land050000100000150000200000250000Strict nature reser

24、vesNational parksProtected old-growth forestsPeatland protection programProtected herb-rich forestsAreas acquired for protectionSpecial protected areasAreas protected by decision of FRIAreas protected by decision of MetshallitusKoitelainen areaNew areas under Natura 2000Protected parts of the wilder

25、ness areasProtected areas on private landsEcologically valuable habitatsHa17 2002Results of Landscape Ecological Planning: ecological investmentsMetshallitus Ecological Investments Yr. 2001:24 mill. 49 %25 %19 %7 %Ecologically valuable habitatsAreas subject to limited forestryRetention trees, final

26、fellingsRetention trees, thinningsRetention Trees,ThinningsEcologically valuable habitats, 12 mill, Other limitations on forestry, 6 mill. Retention trees on final fellings, 4,5 mill. Retention trees on thinnings, 1,6 mill. Retention Trees,Final FellingsAreas subject tolimited forestryEcologically v

27、aluable habitats18 2002Results of Landscape Ecological Planning: GameCapercaillie habitats in production forests, 65 000 ha 0500010000150002000025000300003500040000Capercaillie habitat, functioning Capercaillie habitat, subject todevelopmentCapercaillie habitat, to becheckedOther landWaste landScrub

28、 landForest land19 2002Game Areas - Capercaillie Leks Three different areas to be taken into account in forestry1. The center of the Lek (breeding ground)2. The Lek the territories of the cocks, c. 20 ha3. The breeding region the day territories of the cocks, the radii of the area c. 1 km The Struct

29、ure of the Stand in the Lek Elderly or mature forest number of stems 500 - 900 s/ha visibility 30-90 m (at height of 1m) pine dominated20 2002Game Areas - Capercaillie LeksThe Logging Procedures The center of the lek will be left untouched Regeneration areas 0,5-1,5 ha in maximum Maximum width of th

30、e regeneration area 50 m Intermediate cuttings 400 s/ha will be left in minimum trees less than 6 m height 30 % of the area of the lek in maximum Objective is to maintain diversity in the stand; fodder pines plus other sturdy pines and aspen lower vegetation (visibility max. 70 m) a buffer zone against open ground No forest roads or snow scooter trails through the lek The upper picture visualizes the right treatment