unit4单词详解.doc

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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流unit4单词详解.精品文档.Unit 4 单词详解Part Onefulfill v. 例句：This way of life no longer adequately fulfills the individuals concerned. 这种生活方式已不再能使有关的人们满意。fulfill a contract 履行合同fulfill a promise 履行承诺fulfill ones responsibility 尽责fulfill doctors instruction 遵照医嘱fulfill ones needs 满足需要ful

2、fill a program 完成计划Shine a light on=Shed light on给带来启示shed light on为提供线索；对透露情况；使清楚地显出；阐明例句：Such missions could shed light on the origins of life in general.它们也能告诉人们生命起源的大致情况.Text 2innate a. 天生的；特有的，固有的the innate ability to learn 天生的学习能力例句：You obviously have an innate talent for music. 你显然有天生的音乐才能。pr

3、emier n.总理；首相adj.第一的，首位的；首要的His work on the causes of diseases is of premier importance to the whole world. 他对病因的研究对整个世界来说非常重要.notion n.概念，观念例句：He had no notion of running the risk. 他不想冒险。近义词辨析idea：最普通常用词，几乎适用于任何方面的思维活动。concept：指从众多实例中通过概括、归纳而形成的对事物本质、全貌及其内部联系的概念或看法。thought：指以推理、思考等智力活动为基础的心理思维活动及其结

4、果。notion：指的是一种模糊的，变化的莫测的想法，无可靠的基础，未经深思熟虑的观点。Viewing / listeninginsight n.洞察力例句：Good teachers have insight into the problems of students. 好的教师能洞察学生的问题。Gain an insight into ones mind 洞悉某人的想法 probe v.调查；打探；探究；探听例句：The more they probed into his background, the more inflamed their suspicions would become

5、.他们越调查他的背景，疑团就越多。n. 太空探测器 A space probePart Three1. alter v. 改变，改动，变更例句：There is something wrong with my layout, I have to alter it. 单词辨析： alter,change,shift,convert的区别alter常用来表示轻微的、细节的改变，是自身细节上或外表的变化，而没有变成（change into）另一事物。change这个词比较通用，可以指任何变化，也用于彻底改变，与原来完全不同。它还可以作名词表示变化，以及零花钱。shift表示变动的时候，多指位置、方向

6、以及方式的改变。它作名词时还可表示轮班、计谋、手段、变化等。convert指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。它作名词时就表示皈依者，或者改变信仰的人。2.aptitude n .（学习方面的）才能，资质That student has an aptitude for mathematics. 那个学生有数学方面的天赋。apt=fit/ability,表示适应,能力aptitude适应能力;才能 (apt适应,能力+itude性质,状态有能力的状态)adapt使适应,适应环境 (ad一再+apt适应,能力一再适应环境)近义词 gift, talent

7、, competence, 3. bombard v. 炮轰，轰击 bomb n. Ive been bombarded by the press and television since I came back from Norway. 从挪威回来后我就一直被报纸和电视台的记者纠缠不休。4. buckle vt.& vi.用搭扣扣紧；使全力以赴n.搭扣，扣环Buckle oneself into the seat of the car.Everyone has got to buckle down to get ready for the press conference.buckle do

8、wn全力以赴buckle up系安全带：系上安全带，尤指在汽车内5. cling to v. 紧紧抓住，依恋；坚持，墨守英语中表示坚持的词还有很多，如insist，persist, adhere等，它们的区别如下： cling 与to连用，指对信仰、意见、习惯等的坚持。 adhere 也与to连用，指坚持意见、计划或承诺等，含有坚持不懈的意思。insist 通常用于对意见、主张等的坚持。 persist 用于褒义时指坚持继续做某事，但更常用于贬义，指不听劝告，顽固坚持。 persevere 含褒义，强调坚持不懈的努力。 cling的过去式和过去分词是clungcling to sth.=bec

9、ome attached to sth. 例句： Dont cling to your old ideas, its 21st century now! 别老是守着你的陈旧思想，现在都21世纪了。6. confine vt.限制；局限于；禁闭；管制n.界限，范围；国界They succeeded in confining the fire to a small area.His mother confined him to his room for the weekend for failing to do his chores. 他妈妈周末不让他出门，因为他没做家务。She has neve

10、r experienced life beyond the confines of her own close-knit family. 她从未经历过她那紧密团结的家庭以外的生活。confined a. 狭窄的，有限的7. discipline vt.训练；使有纪律；n.训练；纪律, 学科military discipline 军事训练The discipline of studying music can help children develop good work habits. 音乐学习中的训练可以帮助孩子们培养好的工作习惯。Were looking for people from a

11、 wide range of disciplines. 我们需要各个学科的人才。The workman was disciplined by his company but not dismissed. 那个工人受到了公司的处罚，但并没有被解雇。8. distinguish v. 区分，辨别 -fromThese are some features that distinguish spoken English from written English.这是区别英语口语和书面语的一些特征。She distinguished herself by her performance in the e

12、xam. 她以考试成绩优异而出众。9. dwell v.居住；存在于；细想某事Sometimes his mind would dwell on the horrors he had been through. 有时他会老是想着他所经历过的种种恐怖。A great number of water fowls dwell on the island. 许多水鸟在岛上栖息。The principal dwelt on traffic safety in his talk. 校长在讲话中强调了交通安全。dweller n. 居民 dwelling n. 住处10. effect1.N-VAR 影响;

13、效果;结果Theeffect ofone thingonanother is the change that the first thing causes in the second thing.Parents worry about theeffectof music on their adolescents behavior. 父母担心音乐对青春期孩子的行为所产生的影响。Even minor head injuries can cause long-lasting psychologicaleffects. 即使是轻微的头部创伤也会对心理产生长期影响。2.N-COUNT （刻意制造的）效果

14、，印象Aneffectis an impression that someone creates deliberately, for example in a place or in a piece of writing.The wholeeffectis cool, light and airy. 整体效果很酷，轻松而随意。3.VERB 使发生;实现If youeffectsomething that you are trying to achieve, you succeed in causing it to happen.Prospects foreffecting real polit

15、ical change seemed to have taken a major step backwards. 实现真正政治变革的机会似乎变得更加渺茫了。11. electrified1.ADJ 通电的;带电的Anelectrifiedfence or other barrier has been connected to a supply of electricity, so that a person or animal that touches it will get an electric shock.The house was set amid dense trees and su

16、rrounded by anelectrifiedfence. 那座房子坐落于茂密的树林中，四周布有带电围栏。The railway line waselectrifiedin the 1950s. 这条铁路线在20世纪50年代就实现了电气化。12. endorse1.VERB （公开地）赞同，支持If youendorsesomeone or something, you say publicly that you support or approve of them.I canendorsetheir opinion whole-heartedly. 我可以全力支持他们的意见。.polic

17、ies agreed by the Labour Party andendorsed by the electorate. 得到工党赞同并受选民支持的政策2.V-PASSIVE 在（驾驶执照）上注明违章If someones driving licenceis endorsed, an official record is made on it that they have been found guilty of a driving offence.For failing to report the accident, his licence wasendorsed. 由于发生事故未能报告，

18、他的驾驶执照被注明违章。He also had his licenceendorsed with eight penalty points. 他的驾驶执照也被扣了8分。13. energize1.VERB 使充满活力;使精力充沛Toenergizesomeone means to give them the enthusiasm and determination to do something.He helpedenergizeand mobilize millions of people around the nation. 他帮助激励和动员了全国数百万人。I am completelye

19、nergized and feeling terrific. 我充满了活力，感觉非常好。14. engulf1.VERB （常指突然）吞没，吞噬If one thingengulfsanother, it completely covers or hides it, often in a sudden and unexpected way.A seven-year-old boy was found dead after a landslideengulfed a block of flats. 山体滑坡掩埋了一栋公寓楼，造成一名7岁男孩丧生。The flat isengulfed in fl

20、ames. 那套公寓被火焰吞噬。2.VERB 使陷入（某种感觉或情绪）If a feeling or emotionengulfsyou, you are strongly affected by it.the pain thatengulfed him. 将他吞噬的苦痛He looked around his dark, cluttered office and wasengulfed by a feeling of emptiness.他环顾自己昏暗杂乱的办公室，陷入一阵空虚之中。15. exponential, exponentially1.ADJ 迅速增长的;成指数倍增的Exponen

21、tialmeans growing or increasing very rapidly.The policy tried to check the exponential growth of public expenditure. 该政策试图控制公共开支的迅猛增长。16. familiarize1.VERB 使熟悉;使了解If youfamiliarizeyourselfwithsomething, or if someonefamiliarizesyouwithit, you learn about it and start to understand it.I was expected

22、to familiarise myself with the keyboard. 对我的要求是熟悉键盘。The goal of the experiment was tofamiliarizethe people with the new laws. 试行的目的就是要让人们熟悉新法规。17. glamorous1.ADJ-GRADED 富有魅力的；迷人的；令人向往的If you describe someone or something asglamorous, you mean that they are more attractive, exciting, or interesting t

23、han ordinary people or things.some of the worlds most beautiful andglamorouswomen. 全世界最漂亮迷人的一些女性The south coast is lessglamorousbut full of clean and attractive hotels. 南海岸魅力稍逊，但却有很多干净漂亮的宾馆。18. grin1.VERB 露齿而笑；咧嘴大笑When yougrin, you smile broadly.Hegrins, delighted at the memory. 想到往事，他开心地咧嘴笑了起来。Sara

24、h tried several times to catch Philips eye, but he justgrinned at her. 萨拉几次想引起菲利普的注意，但是他只是冲她咧嘴笑了笑。.a statue of agrinning old man cutting the throat of a deer. 一边割鹿喉、一边咧着嘴笑的老人雕像2.PHRASE 苦笑着忍受；默默承受If yougrin and bear it, you accept a difficult or unpleasant situation without complaining because you kn

25、ow there is nothing you can do to make things better.They cannot stand the sight of each other, but they will just have togrinand bear it. 他们连看对方一眼都不愿意，但是也只得默默忍受。19. guarantee1.VERB 确保；使必然发生If one thingguaranteesanother, the first is certain to cause the second thing to happen.Surplus resources alon

26、e do notguaranteegrowth. 仅有富余的资源并不能确保发展。2.VERB 保证必定发生；承诺做；答应提供If youguaranteesomething, you promise that it will definitely happen, or that you will do or provide it for someone.Most statesguaranteethe right to free and adequate education. 大多数州都保障人们免费享受充分教育的权利。All students areguaranteed campus accom

27、modation for their first year. 保证安排所有的学生第一年在校内住宿。3.N-COUNT 保修单Aguaranteeis a written promise by a company to replace or repair a product free of charge if it has any faults within a particular time.Whatever aguaranteesays, when something goes wrong, you can still claim your rights from the shop. 不论保

28、修单如何规定，若商品出了问题，消费者仍然可以去商店维护自身权益。It was still underguarantee. 它还在保修期内。20. illustrate1.VERB 表明;说明;证明If you say that somethingillustratesa situation that you are drawing attention to, you mean that it shows that the situation exists.The example of the United Statesillustrates this point. 美国的例子证明了这一点。Th

29、is change is neatlyillustrated by what has happened to the Arab League. 这种变化鲜明地体现在阿拉伯联盟所发生的事件上。2.VERB (用例子、故事或图表)说明,阐明If you use an example, story, or diagram toillustratea point, you use it show that what you are saying is true or to make your meaning clearer.Let me give another example toillustrat

30、ethis difficult point. 我再举个例子来说明这个难点。Throughout, sheillustrates her analysis with excerpts from discussions. 自始至终,她摘引讨论内容来阐明她的分析。illustrationHere, by way of illustration, are some extracts from our new catalogue. 这里引为例证的是我们新目录的部分摘录。3.VERB 给(书)加插图(或图表)If youillustratea book, you put pictures, photogr

31、aphs or diagrams into it.She went on to art school and is now illustrating a book. 她后来读了艺术学校,现在正在为一本书画插图。He hasillustrated the book with black-and-white photographs. 他为那本书配了一些黑白照片插图。21. mirror1.N-COUNT 镜子Amirroris a flat piece of glass which reflects light, so that when you look at it you can see yo

32、urself reflected in it.He absent-mindedly looked at himself in themirror. 他心不在焉地看着镜中的自己。He checked hismirrorand saw that a dark coloured van was immediately behind him. 他看了一下后视镜，发现一辆深色货车紧随其后。mirrored.amirrored ceiling. 装了镜子的天花板2.VERB 反映;再现;与相似If somethingmirrorssomething else, it has similar feature

33、s to it, and therefore seems like a copy or representation of it.The book inevitablymirrors my own interests and experiences. 这本书不可避免地反映出我个人的喜好与经历。His own shock wasmirrored on her face. 他和她面面相觑。3.VERB (水)照出，映出If you see something reflected in water, you can say that the water mirrorsit.the sudden gl

34、itter where a newly-flooded fieldmirrors the sky. 刚刚被洪水淹没的田野映照出了天空，那里突然泛起亮光The ship would lie theremirrored in a perfectly unmoving glossy sea. 船会停靠在那里，映衬在一片波澜不兴的湛蓝海水之中。22. motivate1.VERB (尤指情绪)激发，激励，驱使If youare motivatedby something, especially an emotion, it causes you to behave in a particular wa

35、y.They aremotivated by a need to achieve. 对成功的渴望激励着他们。The crime was not politicallymotivated. 该犯罪行为没有政治动机。I dont want to be missing out. And thatmotivates me to get up and do something every day. 我不想被落下。这促使我行动起来每天做点事。motivated.highlymotivated employees. 积极性很高的雇员motivationHis poor performance may be

36、attributed to lack of motivation rather than to reading difficulties. 他糟糕的表现也许要归因于缺乏积极性，而不是阅读障碍。2.VERB 使决心做;使决意做If someonemotivatesyou to do something, they make you feel determined to do it.How do youmotivatepeople to work hard and efficiently?. 你是怎样激励大家奋发高效地工作的？Never let it be said that the manage

37、r doesnt know how tomotivatehis players. 绝对不要让人说这位主教练不知道如何激励他的队员。motivationGrosss skill in motivation looked in doubt when his side began the second half badly. 球队下半场开局不利，看来格洛斯给队员鼓劲的技巧值得怀疑。23. occupy1.VERB 居住，使用（建筑物或某地）The people whooccupya building or a place are the people who live or work there.T

38、here were over 40 tenants, alloccupying one wing of the hospital. 共有40多位房客，他们全部住在这家医院的一个病区。Land is, in most instances, purchased by those whooccupyit. 在大多数情况下，土地都是由其使用者购得。2.V-PASSIVE 占用，使用（房间、座位等）If a room or something such as a seatis occupied, someone is using it, so that it is not available for a

39、nyone else.The hospital bed is no longer occupied by his wife. 他的妻子不在这张病床上了。I saw three camp beds, two of which were occupied. 我看见了3张折叠床，其中两张已有人占了。3.VERB 占领；占据；侵占If a group of people or an armyoccupiesa place or country, they move into it, using force in order to gain control of it.U.S. forces nowoc

40、cupya part of the country. 美国军队现在占领了该国的一部分。Alexandretta had been occupied by the French in 1918 after the defeat of Turkey. 土耳其溃败之后，亚历山大勒塔在1918年被法国人占领。.the occupied territories. 被侵占的领土4.VERB 担任（职务）；居于（地位）If someone or somethingoccupiesa particular place in a system, process, or plan, they have that

41、place.Weoccupya quality position in the market place. 我们在市场上居于高端地位。Men stilloccupymore positions of power than women. 担任要职的男性仍然比女性多。5.VERB 使忙碌；使全神贯注If somethingoccupiesyou, or if youoccupyyourself, your time, or your mind with it, you are busy doing that thing or thinking about it.Her parliamentary

42、career has occupied all of her time. 她整日忙于议会的工作。He hurried to take the suitcases andoccupyhimself with packing the car. 他急匆匆地去拎手提箱，忙着往车里装。I would deserve to be pitied if I couldntoccupymyself. 如果我都不能让自己忙碌起来，那真是太可怜了。occupiedKeep the brain occupied. 保持大脑全神贯注。I had forgotten all about it because I had

43、been so occupied with other things. 因为忙于其他事情，我把这件事忘得精光。6.VERB 使从事；使关注；使花费时间If somethingoccupiesyou, it requires your efforts, attention, or time.I had other matters tooccupyme, during the day at least. 至少白天我还有别的事情要做。This challenge willoccupyEurope for a generation or more. 这将是欧洲在未来二三十年或者更长的时间里所要面临的挑

44、战。7.VERB 占（空间或面积）If somethingoccupiesa particular area or place, it fills or covers it, or exists there.Even quite small aircraftoccupya lot of space. 哪怕很小的飞机也要占很大的空间。Bookshelves occupied most of the living room walls. 这些书架占了起居室的大部分墙面。8.VERB 占，耗费（时间）If something such as a journeyoccupiesa particular

45、 period of time, it takes that amount of time to complete.She reached Karachi on Monday evening, the journey having occupied three days and nine hours. 她在星期一晚上抵达了卡拉奇，这段行程耗时3天9小时。24. orient1.VERB 使适应，使熟悉（新的环境或行为方式）When youorient yourself toa new situation or course of action, you learn about it and p

46、repare to deal with it.You will need the time toorientyourself to your new way of eating. 你还需要一些时间才能适应新的饮食方式。.orienting students to new ways of thinking about their participation in classroom learning. 使学生熟悉参与课堂教学的新思维方式Anxiety comes from not being able toorientyourself in your own existence. 不能适应生活便会产生焦虑。2.VERB 使确立方位；使辨清方向When youorient yourself, you find out exactly where you are and which direction yo