高考二轮语法精讲精练二语法和词汇知识.doc

《高考二轮语法精讲精练二语法和词汇知识.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考二轮语法精讲精练二语法和词汇知识.doc（9页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流高考二轮语法精讲精练二语法和词汇知识.精品文档.本资料来源于七彩教育网高考二轮语法精讲精练二 、语法和词汇知识（1） 陕西省永寿县中学 郭启军【题目特点】“语法和词汇知识”题主要考查学生基础知识。每一小题在一两句话中留出空白，后附四个选项，要求考生从后面的选项中选出最佳答案。共15小题，计分15分，需用时间约10分钟。【解题指导】 “语法和词汇知识”题旨在测试考生对考纲中要求掌握的语法知识和日常交际用语掌握情况。为了全面考查考生对基本语言知识的掌握情况，还会考查同义词辨析等相关知识。考生在复习时要全面，实在地掌握中学阶段所学的英语知识，系统地

2、做好语法归纳并有意识地多记一些英语习惯用法（尤其是与汉语不同的），做题时，切忌死抠语法条条和句型框框，要注意上下文的关系，根据题干所提供的特定语境来确定最佳答案。近年来该题题干内容越来越贴近生活，语言更加灵活。它既要求考生对英语语法知识、词语知识的记忆、理解、掌握和运用能力，又要求根据题干所给的语境条件进行分析、对比，灵活地运用各项英语基础知识。因此要做好单项选择题，考生除了在平时的学习中做好基础知识的积累外，还需要掌握一定的答题技巧，提高答题的准确率。【解法集锦】1.直接法选答法 四个备选项中只有一个是最佳答案，其余为干扰项，当干扰项的干扰程度不大时，可采用直接选答法。例如：(2007陕西卷

3、)As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area_.Aneed repairing Bneeds to repairCneeds repairing Dneed to repair答案：A 因为我们都知道need（需要）作及物动词时，如果其主语与need后的动词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，该动词用不定式，如：I need to get some sleep；如果其主语与need后的动词存在逻辑上的动宾关系，该动词用不定式的被动式或-ing的主动式来表示被动意思，所以很容易就可以选出答案。2.筛选排除法

4、 在几个干扰项中，往往有一个最具有迷惑性，这时应先排除错误较明显的答案，然后把注意力集中在难以确定的答案上，仔细推敲得出最佳答案。切忌将注意力分散在所有选项中去挑选答案。例如：(2006湖南卷)Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way _ to the Home Circle Building. A. easy enough B enough easy C. easily enough D. enough easily答案：C 先根据副词常修饰动词这一语法规则排除A、B两项，然后再根据enough修饰形容词或副词时要后置排除

5、D项。3.同类排除法 有时，几个选项中会出现除一个选项外，其余均为同一种类型。这时应先把注意力放在不同类型的那一个选项上。再根据题干提供的信息，即可选定答案。例如：(2008西安八校联考) It is reported that the weather will _ cold for another 2 or 3 days. A. continue B. last C. stay D. start 答案：C 四个选项只有C项即能作实义动词又能作系动词，A、B、D都是实义动词，再看题干空后面是形容词，所以此处应用系动词。但好多同学不看题干，只考虑这四个词的区别，很容易错选A或。4.逻辑推理法 有

6、时，所有选项从语法角度上看并没有错，但结合句子情景，意思上说不通，不符合逻辑。应根据推理排除干扰项，找出最佳答案。例如：(2006天津卷)- Im thinking of the test tomorrow. Im afraid I cant pass this time. -_！Im sure youll make it. A.Go aheadB.Good luck C.No problem D.Cheer up答案：D。很多同学在看到题干“我正在考虑明天的考试”，就很自信地选择了B“祝你好运”。再看以下后半部分题干“我担心不能通过”，显然，这道题的题干表示的是“说话人的担心、忧虑”，而不是

7、简单陈述一件事实“我明天参加考试。”，因此答语中要求的已不是大家熟悉的祝愿的话，而应该是“安慰的话”“振作点！我认为你能行。”5.明确考点法 “语法和词汇知识”题一般每小题侧重考查一个语言点，看到题目后，考生应立刻明确这道题的考点是什么，排除与该考点无关的干扰项。例如：(2008全国卷II)The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. it B. what C. which D. that答案：C。此题只要明确考查定语从句就很好选答案，因为it 不能引导从句，w

8、hat不能引导定语从句，which和that可以引导定语从句，但that不引导非限定性定语从句，所以只能选C项。高考英语语法和词汇知识题考查的知识点主要包括名词、代词、冠词、形容词和副词、动词短语、动词时态及语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、强调句型、倒装句、特殊句型、省略和情景交际等。语法和词汇题的知识点较多，很难在一次讲座讲完，因此今后将分多次，归纳语法与词汇知识。（1）冠词【真题点评】1. (07年浙江卷) I like _ colour of your skirt. It is _ good match for your blouse. Aa; th

9、e B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the答案：C “你衬衣的颜色”是特指，“一种较好的搭配”是泛指。2. (07年北京卷) I looked under _ bed and found _book I lost last week. Athe; a B. the; the C.不填; the D. the; 不填答案：B 第一个空指双方都知道的床，第二个空指我上周丢了的书，都是特指。3.(07年重庆卷)George couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunda

10、y because everybody was at _ church.A不填; the B. the; 不填 C.a; 不填 D. 不填; a答案：C 第一个后面表示一个星期天，第二个空指“在做礼拜”，表示抽象概念。【知识归纳】冠词是与法语词汇的常考点，也是短文改错的常考点。一定要记住冠词的基本用法。1. 不定冠词的基本用法（1）表示“一”相当于“one”。Ill return in a week or two.（2）表示“每”相当于“per”。We have eight classes a day.（3）表示“同一性”相当于“the same”。We are of an age. （4）表

11、示类指，表示“某类”。He wants to be a teacher.（5）表示泛指，相当于“any”。A horse is a useful animal.（6）表示某一个，相当于“a certain”。A Mr. Smith is asking to see you. （7）与抽象名词连用，可以表示“一场、一次、一件”，如：a pleasure一件乐事，a surprise一件令人惊讶的事，a joy一件高兴的事，a pity一件遗憾的事，an honour一个（件）经以为荣的人(事)。（8）与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份”。What a heavy rain!What a go

12、od supper!Please give me a black coffee!2. 定冠词的用法（1）一般用法特指或第二次提到。序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前。用于表示发明物的单数名词前或某些专有名词前。（2）特殊用法 He hit him in the face.beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head/shoulder the rich, the old, the wounded the elder of the two, he more beautiful of the two两者中较年长的一位，

13、较漂亮的一个 The sooner, the better. He got paid by the hour.他是按小时付工钱的。by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year但：by weight按重量 in the 50s /in the 1870s（表示年代） the Smiths/the Whites（表示一家人或夫妇俩） in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/rain tell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home 当抽象名词表示

14、某一特定内容，特别是当它有一限定性修饰语时，它与定冠词连用：She is fond of music.He is playing the music written by Beethoven.Good advice is beyond price.Im sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.3. 不用冠词的情况（1）专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。China, Russia, Yao Ming, Smith（2）可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。This dictionary is mi

15、ne.（3）季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。March, May Day, National Day, Childrens Day, Womens Day Have you had supper?Spring is the best season of the year.（4）称呼语或指家用雇用的nurse、cook等名词前及表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时，一般不加冠词。Whats this, Father? We made him our chairman.Ask nurse to put the child to bed. Professor Li.（5

16、）学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。Do you study physics?He likes playing football/chess.（6）复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。They are peasants/ workers.（7）在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。by car, by bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land但：take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus需注意。（8）某些固定词组中不用冠词。名词词组中： husband and wife, brother and

17、 sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork介词词组中：to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to, at, from)university（college）,to（in, into, from）church, to(in, into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town, at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by

18、car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot注意：在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。in hospital 住院（因病） in the hospital在医院（工作、参观等） in front of在前面，指某物体之外in the front of在前部，指某物之内in charge负责，主管 out of question没问题in the charge由负责 out of the question不可能（9）as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带冠词。Child as she is, she knows a lot of French.（10）系动词turn（作“

19、变成”解）后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。The young girl has turned writer.= The young girl has become a writer.（11）在单数名词 + after + 同一单数名词（表示“一个接一个”）结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。She did experiment after experiment.类似的还有：shop after shop, mistake after mistake（12）形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。“most + 形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时，前面不用定冠词。Oh, its mo

20、st beautiful.当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.当形容词最高级作表语，不表示与其他人或物相比时，其前不用定冠词。The market in the country is busiest in winter.形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不能用定冠词。A wolf in a sheeps skin is our most dangerous enemy.序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第”之意，但在second、third等词前加不定冠词表示“

21、又一，再一”之意。why you took a second arrow注意：下句中“a first”表示“第一名、冠军”。He is a top student in our class, he often gets a first in maths.（13）no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后面的名词不用冠词。No such thing has ever happened in this village.（14）never、ever置于作主语的名词前，这些名词前不用冠词。Never did student study so hard.这个学生从未学得这么认真。（15）有时为了

22、节省空间、时间、金钱和精力，或为了引起注意力，省去a(n)或the,这主要用于新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、书名等。Israeli troops and tanks slice deep into Gaza【能力训练】在10分中之内完成下列每组（各15个小题）练习。A （115）1. - What happened?- They left in such _ hurry that they forgot to lock _ door.A. a, aB. a, theC. /, theD. /, a2. There were two small rooms in the hous

23、e, _ smaller of which served as _ kitchen.A. a, theB. the, aC. the, theD. a, a3. I ordered _ book some time ago. _ book has arrived.A. a, TheB. the, AC. a, AD. /, The4. Mr Smith is _ European and his wife is _ American.A. an, anB. a, aC. a, anD. an, a5. My sister works in a factory. She goes home on

24、ce _ month. A. aB. anC. theD. every6. In winter _ people often hang up wet clothes near _ fire.A. /, /B. a, aC. /, aD. the, a7. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have _ third try.A. aB. theC. anotherD. other8. He was a top student in the class; he often got _ in English.A. firstB. a fi

25、rstC. secondD. the second9. _ horse is _ useful animal.A. The, theB. The, aC. The, anD. /, a10. Tom left Shanghai in _.A. the summer 1995B. summer 1995C. 1995 the summerD. the summer of 199511. _ children here live _ most happy life.A. The, theB. The, a C. The, /D. /, the12. The soldier died during

26、_ World War I.A. theB. the firstC. /D. a13. In _ Marx began to learn Russian.A. a 1870B. 1870sC. the year of 1870D. the 1870s14. Alice is _ of the two girls.A. tallerB. the tallC. more tallD. the taller15. - Can your sister play _?- No, but she can play _.A. the tennis, the pianoB. tennis, pianoC. t

27、he tennis, pianoD. tennis, the pianoB （115）1. Alexander Gramha Bell invented _telephone in 1876. A./;B. aC. theD. one2.After watching _TV, she played _violin for an hour. A./;/B. the ; theC. the; /D./;the 3. -Wheres jack ?-I think hes still _in bed, but he might just be in _bathroom. A./; /B. the; t

28、heC. the; /D./; the 4.Many people are still in _habit of writing silly things in _public places. A. the ; theB./; /C. the; /D./; the 5.She is _newcomer to _chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. A. the; theB. the ; /C. a; /D. a ; the 6.Wouldnt it be _wonderful world if all na

29、tions lived in _peace with one another? A. a; /B. the; /C. a; theD. the; the 7.Many people agree that _knowledge of English is a must in _international trade today. A. a; /B. the; anC. the; theD./;the 8. Paper money was in _use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _thirteenth century. A.

30、the ; /B. the; theC./; theD./; /9.It is not true in _that people in _fifties are going to university for further education .A.90s; theirB. the 90s; /C.90s; /D. the 90s; their10.Most animals have little connection with _animals of _different kind unless they kill them for food. A. the; aB./; aC. the

31、; theD./; the 11.-Have you seen _pen ? I left it here this morning. -Is it _black one ?I think I saw it somewhere. A. a; theB. the; theC. the ; aD. a; a 12.Summers in _ south of France are for _most part dry and sunny. A./; aB. the; /C./; /D. the ; the 13.I dont like talking on _ telephone; I prefer

32、 writing _letters. A. a; theB. the ;不填C. the; theD. was killing14.Jumping out of _airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _exciting experience. A./;theB./;anC. an; anD. the; the15. -I dont like_ New York at all.-But this isnt_ New York you remember. A. the, the B. /, the C. the, / D. /, aC （115）1、(08

33、全国卷II) Its not _ good idea to drive for four hours without _ break.A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the2、(08重庆卷)In many places in China, bicycle is still poplar means of transportation. A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the3、(08辽宁卷)My neighbor asked me to go for _ walk, but I dont think Ive

34、 got _ energy. A. a; 不填B. the; theC. 不填；theD. a; the4、(08山东卷)Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource. A. 不填；a B. 不填; the C. the; theD. the; a5、(08江苏卷) We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent.A. the; theB.不填；theC. the; 不填D. 不填；不填6、(08

35、江西卷)- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.- It is not your fault. With _ rush-hour traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a7、(08浙江卷) _ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head.A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填8、(08湖南卷)Hav

36、e you heard _ news？The piece of _ petrol is going up again!A. the, the B. 不填，the C. the, 不填 D. 不填，不填09、(08卷 全国卷I ) I know you dont like music very much. But what do you think of _ music in the film we saw yesterday.A. 不填，不填 B. the, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填，the10、(08四川卷)In the United States, there is alw

37、ays _ flow of people to areas of _ country where more jobs can be found. A. a; the B. the ; a C. the; the D. a; a11. (08陕西卷)I ate sandwich while I was waiting for 20:08 train. A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. a, a12. (08天津卷改错题)One day, the school held party, where I was invited to talk about Tianj

38、in.13. (08福建卷改错题) My home is about three kilometers away from the National Stadium, also known as the “Birds Nest”, where opening ceremony will be held.14. (08陕西卷改错题)In the fact, there were four tickets on the seat.15. (08辽宁卷改错题) It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody.【参考答案】A （115）15 BBACA 610 CABBD 1115 BCDDDB （115）15 CDDCC 610 AACDB 1115 DDBCBC （115）15 ACDDB 611 BACDA C 12 给party前加不定冠词a。13.opening之前家定冠词the。此处的opening ceremony特指奥运会的开幕式。14.去掉the。in fact是习惯用法，不需要加冠词。15. 去掉the。get in touch with 是习惯搭配，不需要加冠词。