中考英语考前指导.ppt

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1、 英语应试要点英语应试要点友情提醒：友情提醒：1.我难人难我不畏难，我易人我难人难我不畏难，我易人易我不大意！易我不大意！(心理战术心理战术) 2.答案先写在试卷上，确准后答案先写在试卷上，确准后再填涂到答题卡上再填涂到答题卡上,答题卡填答题卡填好后也要认真复查。（书面表好后也要认真复查。（书面表达要先打草稿）达要先打草稿）(方法战术方法战术) 冠词冠词 连词连词 介词介词 名词名词 代词代词 形容词和副词形容词和副词 动词短语动词短语 同义词辨析同义词辨析 疑问词疑问词 数词数词 感叹句感叹句考点扫瞄考点扫瞄12.连系动词连系动词13.情态动词情态动词14.非谓语动词非谓语动词15.反意疑问

2、句反意疑问句16.选择疑问句选择疑问句17.宾语从句宾语从句18. 被动语态被动语态19. 特殊句型和固定结构特殊句型和固定结构20. 延续性与短暂性延续性与短暂性21. 交际用语交际用语考点扫瞄考点扫瞄一、单项选择一、单项选择语言知识语言知识: 1. 冠词冠词 (a, an, the, /) 2.连词连词 : a) and, but , or, so b) though/although, unless =if -not- c) until, when, before, after, while, as, as soon as ,since d) because of, because, a

3、s, since,so e) so-that-, so that, too-to- f) that, if/whether, what, how, when 3.介词介词: a)时间前的介词时间前的介词:in, on, at, until, during, after, before, since, for b)方位介词方位介词:through, past, over, across, along, around, below, above, under, between-and-, among, from-to- c) except, besides, including, instead

4、of, like, with, without 4. 名词名词: a)不可数名词不可数名词:advice, news, information, weather, work, fun b)集体名词集体名词:the police, the family, peoplec)单复同形单复同形: sheep, fishd)名词所有格名词所有格:s / se) 复合名词复合名词:women / men teachersf) 名词复数名词复数: -ves, -oes,-ies feet, women, teeth, children Germans, Walkmans5.代词代词: a)人称代词、物主代词

5、、反身代词人称代词、物主代词、反身代词 b)不定代词不定代词:all, none, any, every, anotherboth, neither, either, each, the othersomething, anything, nothing, everythingsomebody, anybody, nobody, everybodysomeone, anyone, no one, everyone区别：区别：1）none, no one, nothing 2）everyone, every one of 3）none, not all/all not/not every 4)

6、it, one, ones, that 5) so, such, neither, nor 6. 形容词、副词及其比较等级形容词、副词及其比较等级构成：双写：构成：双写：wetter,fatter,sadder,bigger,thinner, slimmest, hotter 不规则：不规则：bad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least far-farther-farthest -further-furthest older/elder 多音节：多音节：expensive-more - most -less - least healthier, mor

7、e healthily 形容词、副词形容词、副词形容词修饰人或物：形容词修饰人或物： sunny, cloudy, windy, rainy friendly, daily, weekly -ful, -less； un-/ im-/dis-/in-/ir- -ed/-ing: excited/ exciting pleased/ pleasant/ pleasure (n.)副词修饰动词、形容词等：副词修饰动词、形容词等： badly, sadly, angrily, easily ,politely -ple/ -ble/ -tle: terribly, simply, gently*tr

8、ue-truly形容词、副词比较等级形容词、副词比较等级a)同级比较：同级比较：as-as- not -as/so-as- A is like B. / A and B are alike. the same as-/ different from- A is the same size as B.b)比较级比较级: much, a little, even, far - than-/ the taller of the two The more-, the better-c)最高级最高级of/ among/in/ 序数词序数词+/one of+ * 区别：区别：than any-; than

9、 any other- 7. 动词短语动词短语: put up/put away/ put on/ put off/ put out look up/look over/look for/ look after turn up/turn down/turn on/turn off have been to/ have gone to/ have been in give out 分发，散发分发，散发 / give away赠送，赠送，分发，泄露分发，泄露 / give up 放弃放弃/ give in 屈服屈服 take off 脱下，起飞脱下，起飞 / take down 取下取下 / ta

10、ke out取出取出 / take away拿走，夺走，拆拿走，夺走，拆去去 / take in 吸进吸进8. 同义词辨析同义词辨析: spend/ cost/ pay/ take borrow/lend/keep/ forget/leave; take/bring/get/carry wear/ dress/put on/ try on say/speak/ tell/ call/ talk arrive in(at)/ get to/ reach the reason for / the cause of a number of/ the number offew/little/a few

11、/ a little (only,just,still+肯肯)alone/lonelyasleep/sleepydie/dying/be dead/deathfloor/groundused to do sth/ be used to doing sth/ be used to do/for doing sthboth-and-/ not only-but also-neither-nor-/ either-or-9.同形不同义的词用法辨析同形不同义的词用法辨析: if: 1）如果，主句将来，从句现在。）如果，主句将来，从句现在。 2）是否，该用将来时就用。）是否，该用将来时就用。 =whet

12、her when:I will call you when he comes today.I dont know when he will come today.He came in when I was writing a letter. room:房间房间,可数名词可数名词; 空间空间,不可数名词不可数名词=space make room for sb. 给给腾出地方腾出地方9. 疑问词疑问词: a) what, how, who, which, when, whereb) how long, how soon, how often, how far区别区别:what/ who; what

13、/which; what/how who/whom/whoseWhat do you call that?How do you say that?what to do with sth/ how to deal with sthCan you tell me what life will be like?What do you think of sth?How do you like /find/feel about sth? 10. 数词数词: 基数词基数词: forty, ninety 百位与十位之间加百位与十位之间加and,十位与个位之十位与个位之间加连字符号间加连字符号.three t

14、housand two hundred and forty-five (3245)序数序数词词:first,second,third,fourth,ninth,twelfth,twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth, twenty-secondthe twentieth century; the Fourth Unitcome first复数的应用复数的应用: in ones fifties, the eighties of the last century the 1980s分数分数: one third; three quarters; two fifths_ the

15、 people took part in the activity. Three hundred B. Three hundreds C. Three hundred of D. Three hundreds of 11.感叹句感叹句: What +形容词形容词+名词名词+主语主语+动词动词! How+ 形容词形容词/副词副词+主语主语+动词动词! What a nice day it is!What fine weather it is! (work, news, information, food, advice)What fun it is!What a great time we ha

16、d!What a heavy rain!How beautifully she is dancing!( 对照对照so/ such 用法）用法）12. 连系动词连系动词+形容词形容词, 无被动语态无被动语态. sound, taste, smell不能与不能与well 连用连用,不不用进行时态用进行时态.feel, look+well 表身体健康表身体健康 +good表全方位好表全方位好 That sounds exciting, doesnt it? Lovely weather, isnt it? The meat smells _. Throw it away. A. bad B. go

17、od C. badly D. nicely The cloth washes _. A. easy B. easily C. difficult D. difficulty A. badB. easily13. 情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形 can, may, must, need, ought to have to, dare, could, might cant, may not, neednt, oughtnt to, dont have to, darent, couldnt May I-? Yes, you may./No, you cant. Could I-?Yes, yo

18、u can. /No, you cant. Must I-? Yes, you must. No, you neednt/dont have to.比较比较: neednt do sth/ dont need to do need sth/ dont need sth 表猜测表猜测: can可能可能, 用于疑问句中用于疑问句中 Can you be here before eight? 用于表示事情发生的前提条件用于表示事情发生的前提条件 If you arent careful, fire can be dangerous. may可能可能, 用于肯定句中用于肯定句中 Im not sure

19、. It may be Kittys. must 一定一定 cant 不可能不可能, 一定不一定不14. 非谓语动词非谓语动词: a) 动词动词+doing: spend, keep, finish, practise, enjoy, mind, suggest, consider, give up, feel like be busy, have fun, have a good time, have difficulty/ trouble/problems, cant help, be worth b) forget doing/ to do remember doing/ doing s

20、top doing/ to do go on doing/ to doc) 动词动词+to do plan, decide, prepare,would like, agree, fail, hope, refuse,promise ask/tell/advise sb to do/ not to dod) 动词动词+do help do/to do/with sth see, hear, watch, make, let sb do sthe) 介词介词+doing Thanks for doing./ think of doing / How about doing?/ without g

21、etting angryHe spent as much time as he could _ playing the violin. practise B. practising C. practised D. to practise He spent as little time as Sandy _( do) on it. Each of us should do what we can _ the disabled. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helps B. practisingdidB. to help15. 反意疑问句反意疑问句: 前肯后否

22、前肯后否,前否后肯前否后肯 否定词否定词: few, little, no, nothing, nobody, none, seldom, never, hardly He is never late, is he? - No, he isnt. He always comes early. He is unhappy, isnt he? -Yes, he is. He failed the exam. Lets-, shall we?- Thats a good idea. Dont-, will you?- No, I wont. Do-, will you? -Yes, I will.J

23、ack failed in the competition, _he? did B. didnt C. was D. wasnt Helen hates to borrow money from others, _? does she B. doesnt she C. does Helen D. doesnt Helen -Tom dislikes swimming, doesnt he? -_. He never goes swimming with us. Yes, he does B. No, he doesnt C. Yes, he doesnt D. No, he doesdidnt

24、B. doesnt sheA. Yes, he does17. 宾语从句宾语从句: 连词连词: that, if, whether, 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词 语序语序: 陈述句陈述句(主谓顺序主谓顺序) Do you know who he is? Can you tell me what is in the box？ Could you tell me what is the matter with you？时态时态:1. 主句过去主句过去,从句过去从句过去 2. 主句现在主句现在,从句任意从句任意 3. 客观规律客观规律,自然现象用一般现在时自然现象用一般现在时.The teacher to

25、ld us the earth goes around the sun.18. 被动语态被动语态:(by sb) am/is/are +过去分词过去分词 was/were+过去分词过去分词无被动语态：无被动语态：happen, take place, appear, come out, sell well, feel soft19. 延续性与短暂性延续性与短暂性 die-be dead fall asleep-be asleep borrow-keep buy-have join-be in leave- be away begin-be on open- be open finish- be

26、 over come/go- be inHow long have you _ this school?A.been to B. gone to C.been in D.come toC20. 特殊句型和固定结构特殊句型和固定结构: would rather do sth than (do) sth prefer doing to doing prefer sth to sth prefer to do rather than （do） sth Will you please do/ not do sth? had better do/not do sth Would you like to

27、do sth? Its better to do than to do. I could do nothing but wait. There be句型的各种时态结构句型的各种时态结构. Its 形容词形容词 of sb to do sth.Its 形容词形容词 for sb to do sth.I find/think/feel it形容词形容词 to do sth.He is too young to go to school. He was tall enough to reach the basket. 21. 交际用语交际用语 1) 赞扬赞扬- Thank you. 2) 祝愿祝愿

28、Do you mind doing? Not at all. / Of course not. / Youd better not. (注：注：不可用不可用Never mind.)2. Thats right. / Thats all right. / All right. / Youre right. 3. No problem. / Never mind. / Im sorry to hear that. / Youre welcome.22. 语音（见讲义）语音（见讲义）say says said / pay paid house houses / window brown mouth

29、/ mouths 双音节、多音节单词双音节、多音节单词 注意重音位置注意重音位置解题策略解题策略 心态平和，自信从容。 精神饱满，集中精力。 耐心仔细，谨防遗漏。一、单项选择一、单项选择语言知识语言知识 1. 詹前顾后詹前顾后,联系上下文。根据选项确定考点范围。联系上下文。根据选项确定考点范围。 2.注意固定搭配和常用句型注意固定搭配和常用句型 。 3.检查语境、语法检查语境、语法 (构词、大小写、单复数、时态、构词、大小写、单复数、时态、语态、逻辑关系等语态、逻辑关系等)，找准关键词。，找准关键词。4. 代入复查，分析结构，谨防陷阱。代入复查，分析结构，谨防陷阱。5. 把握不准的题目，作适当

30、的记号，以便优先复查把握不准的题目，作适当的记号，以便优先复查1. I wonder _ I can do to help you. A. whether B. how C. what D. when 2. He will spend as much time as he can _others. A. help B. helps C. to help D. helping 3. Hes just back , _he? A. isnt B. is C. has D. hasnt C D A 二、完形填空二、完形填空 三部曲：三部曲：通读、对照、检查通读、对照、检查 1.读短文，了解大意。 2

31、.逐个对照选项,对号入座。 3.填入答案再通读全文,检查文章是否通顺、正确，确保所选答案的语义和语法都正确。 4.遇到疑问,暂时放一放，先完成有把握的题目，最后再耐心寻找上下文中的信息词。 5. 实在不能确定, 选择你认为的最佳答案。 6.代入复查，清除疏漏，调整答案。 主要考查主要考查: 词性、固定搭配、固定结构、词词性、固定搭配、固定结构、词义辨析及篇章语意的理解。义辨析及篇章语意的理解。 三、阅读理解三、阅读理解读、找、查读、找、查 （即：读三遍）（即：读三遍）1第一遍第一遍 基本看懂图文。基本看懂图文。2.第二遍第二遍 初选答案初选答案,并从文中找到依据。并从文中找到依据。 3.第三遍

32、第三遍 填答案填答案,再读文章再读文章,敲定答案。敲定答案。4. 确定标题要纵观全文，找关键词确定标题要纵观全文，找关键词key words 。5.考虑作者意图。按文章内容和逻辑关系考虑作者意图。按文章内容和逻辑关系 选出结选出结论或推论。论或推论。特别要注意特别要注意认真阅读题干，明确答题要认真阅读题干，明确答题要求，以防文字游戏。（求，以防文字游戏。（true, not true) 关注相同意思的不同表达形式。关注相同意思的不同表达形式。四、词汇四、词汇 （特别注意大小写）（特别注意大小写）A. 注意注意词意词意和和词形词形相结合，包含各种词相结合，包含各种词性（性（名词、代词、数词、动词

33、、介词、名词、代词、数词、动词、介词、副词、形容词、分词副词、形容词、分词doing/done)。 1.注意单复数、动词的形式和所有格形注意单复数、动词的形式和所有格形式。式。2.注意形容词和副词的三级注意形容词和副词的三级(原级、原级、比较级和最高级比较级和最高级)。3.只能填一词。如：只能填一词。如：He walks _(慢慢) of the boys.4. 注意注意英文释义题要写出另一个同义词英文释义题要写出另一个同义词.This is really _(surprising) news.5. 注意常注意常识题识题.(月份、周日、季节、节日、谚语）月份、周日、季节、节日、谚语）slowe

34、stamazingB.词形变化词形变化1.认真读题，根据句意初步确定每句所需单认真读题，根据句意初步确定每句所需单词，然后根据句意、句型结构、词法规则确词，然后根据句意、句型结构、词法规则确定应填单词形式。定应填单词形式。2.将较难或把握不大的题将较难或把握不大的题留至最后。留至最后。3.实在难确定再回到句意上实在难确定再回到句意上, 注意注意詹前顾后詹前顾后,联系上下文，联系上下文，切忌马虎。如：切忌马虎。如：Can you tell me the _ names? (play)主要考查：形容词和副词的三级，名词复数，主要考查：形容词和副词的三级，名词复数，名词所有格，序数词，名词性物主代词

35、，反名词所有格，序数词，名词性物主代词，反身代词，构词法，天气形容词，分词等。身代词，构词法，天气形容词，分词等。playersC.时态填空时态填空：六种时态：六种时态：一般现在时（一般现在时（do, does； am/ is /are) ; 一般过去时（一般过去时（did/ was/ were) ;一般将来时（一般将来时（will/ shall do；am/is/are going to do / wont/ shant do) ; 现在进行时（现在进行时（am/is/are doing) ; 现在完成时（现在完成时（have/ has done) ; 过去进行时（过去进行时（was/wer

36、e doing) 。 一般不重复。一般不重复。 1. 根据句意选择符合句意的动词根据句意选择符合句意的动词2.找起关键作用的时间状语，确定时态。试比较找起关键作用的时间状语，确定时态。试比较:They _(teach) us English for two months.They _(teach) us English for two months last year.3. 关注主谓语的单复数形式一致。特别注意：关注主谓语的单复数形式一致。特别注意：看看A判断判断：A with B / A , like B/ A together with B看看B判断判断：A or B / not only

37、 A but also B / either A or B / neither A nor B 一定是复数一定是复数： A and B ； the police/ the family(一家人）一家人）/ people/ the Smiths4.考虑主语和动词之间的关系考虑主语和动词之间的关系,确定语态。如：确定语态。如：He _(ask) not to be late again a moment ago.She _(be) here since a moment ago.have taughttaughtwas askedhas been5.根据上下文语境确定时态。根据上下文语境确定时态。

38、1. -Jack , can you pass me the book? -Pardon? I _ ( think) about a maths problem. 2. -Jack, can you lend me your dictionary? -Pardon? I _( not hear) you. 3. How clean the window is! Who_( clean) it？ 6. 根据主从句的关系确定时态。如：根据主从句的关系确定时态。如：1. I wonder when Mum _ (return) from Shanghai. When she _( return),

39、I will tell her this good news. 2. We wonder if it _( rain ) tomorrow. If it _( rain), we will have to stay at home. was thinkingdidnt hearhas cleanedwill returnreturnswill rainrains 五、句型转换五、句型转换 1. 句式的变换（肯定改否定、疑问）应注意句式的变换（肯定改否定、疑问）应注意some- any , already-yet, too-either 2. 同义句变换同义句变换 (so that tooto

40、- enough ; 比较等级的互比较等级的互换）换） 3. 直接引语与间接引语互换直接引语与间接引语互换 4. 主动改被动主动改被动 5. 划线部分提问划线部分提问 6. 单数句改为复数句。单数句改为复数句。七、任务型阅读任务型阅读 （带着问题读文章） (问题或表格) 快速通读全文，快速通读全文， 了解大意。了解大意。 细读问题，回到文中找答案。细节问题找关键细读问题，回到文中找答案。细节问题找关键词；实质问题，以原文为基础进行分析、推理，词；实质问题，以原文为基础进行分析、推理，从而得出结论。从而得出结论。 注意同一内容的不同表达方式，关注句式变化注意同一内容的不同表达方式，关注句式变化.

41、1. 回答时，可以用完整的句子，也可以用省略句回答时，可以用完整的句子，也可以用省略句回答，但务必要写出能回答问题的回答，但务必要写出能回答问题的关键内容关键内容。此外，写出的句子一定要准确无误，此外，写出的句子一定要准确无误，无单词拼无单词拼写错误，无大小写错误，标点符号要写上写错误，无大小写错误，标点符号要写上。要。要注意注意:人称，时态和语态与问句要一致人称，时态和语态与问句要一致。八书面表达八书面表达1.仔细审题，根据写作要求、提示材料或图示，确仔细审题，根据写作要求、提示材料或图示，确立主题，人称和时态立主题，人称和时态, 列出要点。列出要点。2. 根据要点列提纲根据要点列提纲, 对

42、全文通篇考虑。对全文通篇考虑。 用上所有提用上所有提示语示语(完整、准确完整、准确)，按，按要求适当发挥要求适当发挥。发挥部分符。发挥部分符合全文逻辑。合全文逻辑。3. 注意：注意：a.表达方式多样化表达方式多样化(适当使用关联词适当使用关联词 and, then, but, however, whats more, besides, worst of all, best of all, to make things worse及从句及从句)；b.用用语准确，多用熟悉的具体的词汇来行文；语准确，多用熟悉的具体的词汇来行文；c.文章字文章字数符合要求；务必数符合要求；务必认真誊写认真誊写。（卷面情况直接影响。（卷面情况直接影响老师打分心情，力求做到字迹工整、清晰；老师打分心情，力求做到字迹工整、清晰；大小写大小写、标点符号标点符号、词间距词间距要规范）要规范） Wish you a great success and good luck!