英国饮食文化中的高贵与务实.doc

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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流英国饮食文化中的高贵与务实.精品文档.山西大学继续教育学院毕 业 论 文类 别 函 授 站 点 临汾教学点 年 级 2013级 专 业 英语教育 层 次 专升本 姓 名 张佳佳 学 号 手 机 15135788450 论文题目 NobilityandPragmatisminBritishFoodCulture论 文 评 语建议成绩 答辩教师 年 月 日NobilityandPragmatisminBritishFoodCultureAbstract InBritishnationalCharacter,therearetwodistincti

2、veaspects:nobilityandpragmatism.Britishsnobilityandpragmatismisnotacquittingthemselveswellinallaspectofsociallife,butalsoshowthemselvesintheBritishfoodculture.Britainhasalongfoodanddrinkculture.Inthelongdevelopment,Britishfoodanddrinkformsitsownsystemandbecomeanimportantpartintheworld.Thecharacterof

3、nobilityandpragmatismshowthemselvesinmanyBritishfoodsanddrink.Theafternoonteaistherepresentativeofshowingnobility.Pragmatismmainlyembodiesinthepursuingofnutrientinfoodmaterial,thesimplecookingmethodandtheideaofeatingofBritishBritishsnobilityandpragmatismwhichrevealinBritishfoodanddrinkissignificant.

4、TheygiveothercountriespeoplewhohavenotbeentoBritainagoodimpression.ForeignersrealizeBritishsnobilityandpragmatismthroughBritainsfoodanddrinkandgetagoodimpressionaboutBritain.ThatgoodimpressioncontributestoimprovementofBritainsnationalstatus.Keywords:Britishfood;NationalCharacter;nobility;pragmatism;

5、英国饮食文化中的高贵与务实摘要英国人的民族性格中有非常与众不同的两点：高贵与务实。英国人高贵与务实不仅表现在社会生活的方方面面，其中也包括表现在饮食方面。英国有很长的饮食文化历史，在漫长的发展过程中，英国饮食形成了自己的体系，也变成了世界饮食中重要的一部分，英国人民族个性中的高贵和务实在英国的许多食物中都得到了表现，其中高贵品质主要表现在下午茶中，务实品质主要表现在对食物原料营养的追求，对简单烹饪方法的追求以及在饮食观上的体现。饮食中所表现出来的英国人民族个性中的高贵与务实有一个重要的意义。那就是给没有去过英国的外国人一种好的印象。外国人通过英国的饮食了解到英国人的高贵与务实使他们对英国产生一

6、种好的印象。这种好的印象有助于英国国际地位的提高。关键词：民族个性;英国；茶；食物;高贵;务实ContentsAbstract3摘要4Contents5NobilityandPragmatisminBritishNationalCharacter81.1TheSourceofNobilityinBritishhistory81.2PragmatisminBritishHistoryCulture9NobilityinBritishDrinkAfternoonTea102.1NobilityintheOriginationandDevelopmentofAfternoonTea102.2Nobi

7、lityintheEtiquetteofAfternoonTea13PragmatisminBritishFoodandBritishsFoodConception153.1PragmatisminFoodMaterialsandCookingMethods153.2PragmatisminBritishsFoodConception18TheSignificanceofNobilityandPragmatisminBritishFoodandDrink204.1TheSignificanceofNobilityinFoodConception204.2TheSignificanceofPra

8、gmatisminFoodStyle21Conclusion22Bibliography25Introduction BritainisoneofWesternEuropeancountries,itslocationonthewestsideoftheAtlanticcontinental,its50degreesNlatitudeinthenorth,duetotheregulationoftheNorthAtlanticoceancurrentsandwesterlywindsblowingthroughouttheyear,acool,temperatemaritimeclimatew

9、ithrainthroughouttheyear.Majordevelopmentsare:plantedforagecropsandpasture,andthedevelopmentofdairyfarming,butbecauseoftheirownfoodandlivestockproductsarenotself-sufficiency,torelyonimports,somuchsothatthedishesarecookedbyexternalinformationontheringshadow.However,theUKitselfisahistorical,culturalhi

10、storyofthecountry,sohowmuchfoodtheystillretaintheoldtraditionofeatinghabitsandcookingskillsinclever.Logicallyspeaking:theBritisharegenerallymorepopularwayofcooking:braise,grill,friedandfried.Ofmeat,seafood,gamehasauniquewayofcooking;However,theyhavebeefinspecialpreferences,suchasbarbecuebeef(ROASTED

11、BEEF),whenthefoodisnotonlyaccompaniedbyseasonalvegetables,bakedpotato,alsowilladdalittlemustardonsteaksauce;theuseofthesauceislikebutterandwine;thespicesonthemeatlikeKou,cinnamonandotherfreshspices.BetterknownBritishfooddishare:beef,kidneyssent(STEAKKIDNEYPIE),friedfishrow(ENGLISHFISHCHIP),Royalcrea

12、mofchicken(CHICKENALAKING)andsoon.Britishlikehunting,huntinginonlyonceayearperiod,therearemanyhotelsandrestaurantswilllaunchagamedinner,suchasdeer(VENISON),rabbits(HARE),pheasant(PHEASANT),goat(WILDSHEEP)suchascooking.Andgeneralcookinggame,theberriesareusedorsomeginandwine,thispracticeistoremovethes

13、mellofmuttonsmellthefooditself.Theyareveryparticularaboutbreakfast,butoh!Britishrestaurantsinthesupplyofawidevarietyofmealshavefruitjuice,fruit,eggs,meat,wheatporridge,bread,jamandcoffee.Andnowadaysthepopularafternoontea(HIGHTEA)ispassedfromtheUnitedKingdom,therearemorewell-knownVictoria-styleVICTOR

14、IANSTYLE),thecontentcanbesaidtobeall-inclusive,includingallkindsofsmallpoints,spongecake，fruittarts(TARTE)andsandwiches.NobilityandpragmatismarethetwodistinctaspectsinBritishnationalcharacter.ThetwoaredevelopingfromBritishlonghistoryandgivegreatimpacttothesociety.TheyalsoinfluenceBritishfoodanddrink

15、.Britainisanotionwhoiscrazyfornobility.IntheBritishfoodanddrink,afternoonteaisthemostexcellentrepresentativetoembodynobility,oneofthereasonswhyafternoonteaissopopularisthatenjoyingafternoonteajustlikeenjoyinganoblelife.FormostordinaryBritishthatenjoyingafternoonteajustlikesenjoyingamomentofnoblelife

16、.BritishfoodsmaterialcookingmethodandBritishpeoplesideaofeatingembodyBritainspragmatism.Theypursuenutrientbutnottaste.Britishpeopledonotcareabouttaste.Theybelievenutrientismoreimportantthantaste.BritishsnobilityandpragmatismwhichdisplayinBritishfoodanddrinkhasasignificantmeaning.Theygiveothercountri

17、espeoplewhohavenotbeentoBritainagoodimpression.ThatgoodimpressionisanationaltreasurebecauseithelpsBritaintoimproveitsnationalstatusintheworld.ChapterOneNobilityandPragmatisminBritishNationalCharacterTherearetwothingswhichdifferremarkablyintheEnglishnotionalcharacter:nobilityandpragmatism.Thejuxtapos

18、itionofthetwofeaturesisratherrareinothercountriesaswellastheirnationalcharacters.TheyarethemostimportanttwofeatureswhichdistinguishtheEnglishnationoutofothers.1.1TheSourceofNobilityinBritishhistoryNobility,partoftheEnglishnationalcharacter,isgenerallyrecognized.Thereasonfortheformationoftheunrivalle

19、dnobilitydatesbacktotheperiodonethousandyearsagowhenEnglandwasinvadedbyFrance.TheFrencharistocratsdisdainedthepopulaceofEngland.TheywereunwillingtoliveliketheseEnglishcommonpeople.Thoughtheirownspeciallifestyleandexperience,theFrencharistocratsdisplayedtheirnobility.FortheancientEnglishmen,thegracef

20、ullifestyleoftheFrencharistocratswastheaspirationfortheentireAnglo-Saxonnation.ThisistherootoftheEnglishmenslongingforgracefullife.Inthefollowingyears,thispeculiaraspirationoftheEnglishpeoplehasgraduallyturnedintoanationalhabit.ThemonarchyexistedinEnglandmorethanonethousandyears.Theupperclassalwaysh

21、asgreatinfluenceontheaveragepeople.Forexample,KnifeandforkplacementaregreatimportancetothetraditionalBritishtablemannerswhounderstandthesemayberegardedasthedetailsofmanyeducatedpeoplehereandbrieflyexplaintheneedfortherestoftheBritishinthepractice.Dinnerforeightshaped,half-wayifthetemporarydiningrest

22、forashortknifeandforkpointscanputaplateandforkbladetiprelativetoAshapeoreight-shaped,knifetowardhimself,thatstillcontinuetoeat.Ifyouaretalking,youcanholdknifeandfork,noneedtogo,butneedtomakegestures,itshouldbeputdownknifeandfork,donotbearmedwithknifeandfork,wavingintheairshaking.TheEnglishsocietypur

23、suesthenoblelifeoftheupperclasswiththegreatest enthusiasmoftheworld.TheEnglishpeopleregarditassomekindoffashion.Thoughthepursuitofaristocratic,theyhavealreadybroughtthequalityofdignityintothestandardtojudgewhetheramaniswelleducated.Aftermorethanonthousandyearsaccumulation,thequalityofnobilityhasbran

24、deddeeplyonthemindofboththeEnglisharistocratsandthepopulace.Asaresult,nobilityhasbecomeaveryimportantpartoftheEnglishnationalcharacternowadays.1.2PragmatisminBritishHistoryCulturePragmatism,whichisanindispensablepartoftheEnglishnationalcharacter,isgenerallyrecognized.Itisanationwheredaydreamandempty

25、talkscanhardlyexisted.Peoplethereliketotrytheirbesttorealizewhattheythinkabout.Inthehistoryofthecountry,Englishpeoplealwaysemphasizethespiritofpragmatism.Especiallyintheperiodofindustrialrevolution,thequalityofpragmatismhasbeenfulldemonstrated.Theydidallkindsofcreationandinventionwiththespiritofprag

26、matism.Fromtheinventionofvariousmachinestotheprogressofpolitics,scienceandliterature,thequalityofpragmatismdevelopedtremendouslyduringthatperiod.ThechangewhichtookplaceineveryaspectofthecountryenhancestheimportanceofpragmatisminthemindofEnglishpeople.InBritishfoodculturetheyconsiderthecuisineisasens

27、e.Theythinkwhetherthecolorsandthetasteofthefoodaredelicious,thenutritionisthemostimportant.Thoughsometimesthetasteisnotverywell,theystilleatallthefoodbecausethesefoodshavemuchnutrition.Secondlytheythinkthefoodisusedforeatingwhenhungry.Sotheyusuallychoosethemeatorthebeef.Meanwhilethefoodindustryhasde

28、veloped,suchascanned,althoughtaste,butsavestimemachine-made,andnutrition.Consequently,pragmatismbecomesoneofthemostvaluedqualitiesofEnglishpeople.Eventoday,Englandisstilloneofthemostpowerfulcountriesintheworld.Itsprosperityisindispensablewiththequalityofpragmatism.Thetwodistinctiveaspectsinnationalc

29、haractershowthemselvesinallaspectsofthesociety.Atthesametime,nobilityandpragmatismrevealthemselvesonBritishfoodanddrink. ChapterTwoNobilityinBritishDrinkAfternoonTeaThereisalotofBritishbeverageproducingimpactonnoblemannerofaristocracy,especialafternoon.Afternoonteaistheveryrepresentative.2.1Nobility

30、intheOriginationandDevelopmentofAfternoonTeaAfternoonteabeganinVictoriaTimes.Anoblewomanfeltverydullatafternoon.Onsomedaysafternoon,shegotveryhungry.Sosheaskedherservanttogiveheracupofteaandsomesandwiches.Then,shesatonacomfortablechairandatesandwichesslowly.Intheprocessofeatingshefounditwasreallymak

31、ingherpleasant.Thattimewasnolongerdull.Thusshedecidedtodrinkingteaandeatingfoodineverydaysafternoon.Thelongafternoonbecamemoreinterestingbecauseofafternoontea.Laterwhenherfriendswenttoherhousesheentertainedthemteaandcakesinafternoon.Allofherguestslikedsuchkindofentertainment.Gradually,drinkingaftern

32、oonteabecamepopularinaristocracy.Aftermanyyears,ordinarypeoplewerealsodrinkingafternoonteatoo.Inthelongdevelopment,afternoonteaistheproud.Nowitbecomespopularintheworld.Infact,themostpopularstyletodrinkteaishighteabuthighteaisoftenamisnomer.Mostpeoplerefertoafternoonteaashighteabecausetheythinkitsoun

33、dsregalandlofty,wheninallactuality,hightea,ormeatteaisdinner.Hightea,inBritain,atanyrate,tendstobeontheheavierside.AfterBritishtookafternoonteatoAmerica,Americanhotelsandtearooms,ontheotherhand,continuetomisunderstandandoffertidbitsoffancypastriesandcakesondelicatechinawhentheyofferahightea.Afternoo

34、ntea(becauseitwasusuallytakeninthelateafternoon)isalsocalledlowteabecauseitwasusuallytakeninasittingroomwithdrawingroomwherelowtables(likeacoffeetable)wereplacednearsofasorchairsgenerallyinalargewithdrawingroom.Britainistraditionallybrewedinawarmedchinateapot,addingonespoonfulofteaperpersonandonefor

35、thepot.MostBritishliketheirteastronganddarkandwithaddalotofmilk.Aboutonehundredyearsago,Britaingraduallydevelopedintoasystemofmakingtea.Atthattimepeoplethoughtthemilshouldpouredintothecupfirst,soasnottocracktheporcelain.Thetraditionalwayofmakingteais:1.Boilsomefreshcoldwater.2.Putsomehotwaterintothe

36、teapottomakeitwarm.3.Purlthewateraway4.Putoneteaspoonoftea-leavesperperson,andonetea-spoonintothepot.5.Pourboilingwaterontothetea.6.Leaveforafewminutes.7.Service.Itisamazingthataplainafternoonteahassuchcomplicatedprocedure.ThatcomplicatedprocedurehasacloserelationshipwithBritishtradition.Watchingcar

37、efullythemethodtomakingafternoontea,peoplewillfindeverysteparecourteousandnotfallintoaflutter.Itseemsthatthetraditionalafternoonteacaresabouthowtoshowaseriesofnoblemannerbutnotcarehowcomplicatedtheprocedureis.SuchcustomcomesfromBritainstraditionofnobility.Britishareparticularabouttheirlifeandpayatte

38、ntiontoeducationandbearing.Theythinkdrinkingteacouldshowtheirbearing.Britainisacountrywhichattachesimportancetotraditionofnoble.Theyusedtoshowtheirnobleinthelife.So,theafternoonteacanbeconsideredasthetimetoshowtheirbearing.Thosearethreedifferentafternoonteas:Creamtea,Lighttea,Fulltea.Everyonehasitsd

39、ifferenttaste.Somehaveheavytasteandsomearelight;somehavecreamandsomehavesweet.Everyonecouldchoosethebestaccordingtohistaste.SuchdifferenceprovesBritishareparticularabouttheirlifequality.AnoblewomanwholivedinVictoriaTimeswasthefirstonewhoenjoyedafternoontea.Themtheafternoonteabecameatrend.Atlastitdev

40、elopedintoacustomofthewholenation.Althoughafternoonteahasnot beenconfinedtothenoble,butitsnobleoriginationdecideditsnobleblood.Inface,inordinaryBritishseyesthatdrinkingteaisanoblemovement.Peopletransmitthenobleelementcarefullywhichlivesintheafternoontea.Adistrictsfoodanddrinkingcultureinfectthelocalpeopleinsomedegree.Inthepassedhundredyears,bothnobleandcommonpeoplebothwereinfluencedbynoblemannerofafternoontea,butalsotheyarejusttakingshapeanationalnature-lookingforthenoblecharacter.InEngland,thetraditionaltimefor