初中语法简洁版.docx

《初中语法简洁版.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初中语法简洁版.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -单词词性：名词，冠词，代词，数词，介词，连词，形容词和副词动词分类：实义动词， be 动词，助动词，情态动词三大从句：状语从句（时间，的点，缘由，目的，方式，比较，让步，条件）。定语从句。宾语从句八大时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时和过去进行时，现在完成时和过去完成，一般将来时和过去将来时句式分类：陈述句，一般疑问句，特别疑问句，挑选疑问句，祈使句，倒装句，感叹句，反义疑问句句子成分：主语谓语表语宾语状语定语主谓I smile主语+谓语+宾语 I cant stand him/主语+谓语+间宾+直

2、宾（间接 / 直接宾语 / 补语） He bought me a car.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 I find him a good guy.主语+系动词 +表语 He is very happy/I feel angry/she is driving me mad主语+谓语+宾语+状语 I bought a book yesterday1. 名词可数名词变复数：一般情形下加加s， desks以 s,x,ch,sh：beach, brush, bus, box（加 es）以辅音字母 y 结尾： city/ family （变 y 为 i，加 es）以元音字母结尾： tomatoes（加 es）

3、, zoos（加 s）, photos（加 s） 以 f/fe 结尾： wife/knife, half（变 f/fe 为 ves）特 殊 记 忆 ： woman 复 数 women。 a woman teacher 复 数 women teachers Chinese复数 Chinese。Englishman复数 Englishmen; GermanGermans专出名词指一个组织，名人，景点等：Beijing，China， Mr. Wang常以复数形式显现的名词：trouserspants裤子glassesclothespolicepeople2. 冠词： aanthe以元音开头的用an，

4、以辅音开头的用aAn English girla useful bookan houran onionan honest boyThe 用于指独一无二的事物the Sun/其次次提到的事物。 放在最高级前面the tallest。放在序数词前面 the firstPlay the guitar（乐器前面加 the ）play soccer（球类前面不加 the ）3. 代词代词可以分为人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，不定代词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结主格宾格物主代词物主代词第一人称我Imemyminemyself其次人称你youyouyouryoursyourself他he

5、himhishishimself第三人称她sheherherhersherself它itititsitsitself第一人称我们weusouroursourselves其次人称你们youyouyouryoursyourselves他们第三人称她们theythemtheirtheirsthemselves它们人称代词人称代词形容词性名词性反身代词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名

6、师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -人称代词有主格和宾格之分。主格代词用在动词前。宾格代词用在动词后物主代词和物主形容词：物主形容词后面可以加名词。物主代词后不行以加名词反身代词可以用来表示强调I made it by myself不定代词有许多： BothAllNeither noneEitheranyeitherEacheverynobodythis/that疑问代词： whichwhowhomwhat4. 数词基数词表示个数（ one, two, three ），序数词表示次序（ the first, the second, the thi

7、rd ） 1 First2 second3 third4 fourth5 fifth8 eighth9 nine12 twelfth19 nineteenth20 twentieth特别记忆： 500：five hundred（hundred 在基数词后面不加s）两年半： two and a half years三分之一 one third，三分之二 two thirds时间表达 8:55：five to nine一个五岁的女孩： a five-year-old girl much/ little + 不行数many/ few +可数名词复数A lot/no/not enough两者都可5.

8、介词at, in, out, at, of, besides, off, with, on, over, above, under, below, from, to, up, down, through, across介词后面加宾语（名词 / 名词短语 / 代词） Linda went to school late because of the traffic jam for two monthsthrough the windowat schoolin the morningon the desk可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结inThe students are readi

9、ng in the classroom学.生们在老师里读书。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结OnThe boat is on the river那.条船在河上。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结OverThere are several bridges over the river.河上有好几座桥。 UnderThe boat sailed under the bridge.船在桥下行驶。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结ByOur house is by the river我. BesideCome and sit beside me过.们的房子在

10、河边。来坐在我旁边。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结NearI dont need a car because I live near the city centre我.next toMy best friend sits next to me in class. BehindOlive hid behind a tree.奥列弗藏在一棵树后面不需要汽车，由于我住在靠近市中心可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结形容词 +介词 Happy with/certain about/strict with/ready for/

11、good at/with/for名词+介词 Advice on/interest in/purpose of /success in动词+介词 Look at/ask for/get to/prepare for6. 连词常用连词：时间连词when, while （连续性动作） , as, until，since,before , after并列连词 neithernor, bothand, eitheror, not onlybut also常用连词 and, but, so, because。because 不和 so 连用，有although不和 but连用学习资料 名师精选 - - -

12、 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -表条件 if （假如，是否） & whether （是否）unless 除非in case 万一表尽管 even if / even though表结果 sothat /Suchtha如t 此以至于1. It is a nice house, it doesn t have a garden.A. andB. orC. butD. so2.I am really sorry, I ca

13、n t go swimming with you this Sunday.A. soB. andC. orD. but3.Li Ming failed in the exam again, he tried very hard.A. ifB. soC. thoughD. but特别记忆： so.that/such.that的用法名词为可数名词单数时可以用so/such：So +形容词 +a/an +单数名词 +that：She is so good a teacher that all of us love her Such +a/an +形容词 +单数名词 +that： She is suc

14、h a good teacher that all of us love her名词为可数名词复数或者不行数名词时：Such+形容词 +复数可数名词 +that 从句： They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more.Such+形容词 +不行数名词 +that 从句。如： It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home当名词前面有 many， much，few，little 等表示数量多少的限定词时，只能用soThere were so many peop

15、le in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the building.当没出名词时，只能用soHe ran so fast that Icouldn ctatch up with him.7. 形容词和副词副词用在动词之前，形容词可放在名词前和be 动词之后两种副词意思不同hard/ hardly几乎不late/lately最近deep/deeply深深的straight/straightly 笔直的wide/widely常需要）广泛的high/highly高度的close/closel

16、y 紧密的bad/badly （badly needed 非good/well （ adj 指身体好的）a lonely house alive 活的 /live 现场直播的 /lively活跃的，生动的aloud（出声的，大声的，副词）/loud （洪亮的，形容词 / 副词） /loudly 大声的，副词 修饰可数不行数：many, a number of/numbers of, a great/good many;修饰可数名词much, a great deal of, a huge amount of/huge amounts of,修饰不行数名词 plenty of,a lot of/

17、lots of, a large quantity of/large quantities of.可数& 不行数比较级 / 最高级：Goodbetterthe best Badworththe worstFarfarther/furtherthe farthest 距离/furthest 程度8. 动词实义动词： eat,make,write,walk,go,stop,start,read 等系 动 词 ： be/am/is/are/was/were/感 官 动 词 （ feel,taste,smell,sound,look ） / 含 有 “变 ”的 动 词 ：become/get/grow

18、/turn助动词： Does/do/did/have/has/had情态动词：等 can, may, must, need, dare, could, might动词不定式（ choose, go, decid）e：动词+疑问词 + to do/动词+to do/ 动词+object + to do动名词： Dancing is her favorite hobby 谓语用单数 / Debbie enjoys smiling. image, practice, finish, mind可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第

19、3 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -被动语态： 不及物动词没有被动语态Happen ,sleep, run特别记忆： so.that/such.that的用法lieliedlied规章撒谎（规章变化） lielaylain躺（不规章变化） laylaidlaid放置/ 下蛋riseroserisen 上升，提高（不规章变化）raise raised raised举起。筹集（规章变化）9. 三大从句定语从句：引导词： who, whom, that ,w

20、hose （指人的时候）：he is a boy who likes watching basketball games which, that, whose（指物的时候）： the book which you bought is written by Khaled Hosseini when. where, why（副词引导）：I will never forget the day when I joined the party.宾语从句：动词宾语从句（ know, think, believe）：I think（that ）she is very outgoing介词宾语从句： I th

21、ank you for what you have done for me形容词宾语从句（ Glad /happy/sad/certain/sorry/surprised ）： I am sorry I am late引导词： that 引导， that 可以省略： I am sorry that I am lateWhether/if引导： I didn t know whether he will come or notwhen/where/why/how引导： I can t understand why he is always late.状语从句：（时间，的点，缘由，目的，方式，比较

22、，让步，条件） 时间： Every timeI listen to your advice, I find the solution比较： The house is three timesas big as ours.缘由： He is absent today,because / forhe is ill.目的： They started early so that they caught the early bus.条件： If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to school时间状语从句 / 缘由状语从句 / 条件状语从句用法：主将从现或主过从过。主将

23、从现：主句用了将来时，从句就要用现在时。主过从过：主句用了过去时，从句也要用过去时。10. 八大时态一、 一般现在时（ always, usually, often, sometimes, every week, on Sunday）s : It seldom snows here 二、 一般过去时（ ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last wee）k：I didnt know you were so busy.三、 现在进行时（ look, listen, now, at this time, these days）： He is doi

24、ng well in his e/ go /leave /begin/start （进行时表将来）Believe, understand, know, want, hear, smell, see, taste, like, hate, prefer, lov（e 不用进行时的动词）四、 过去进行时（ at this time yesterday, at that time）：When he came in, I was reading a newspaper五、 现在完成时（ recently, lately, since, for,in the past few years）,：Ive w

25、ritten an article.六、 过去完成时（ before, by the end of last year）：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.七、 一般将来时（ tomorrow, next day, soon, in a few minutes）They are going to have a competition with us in studies.will do（将来要做的事情） 。be going to do（意图做某事，有迹象要发生的事）; be to do （立刻要做的事情）八、 过去将来时（

26、 the next day, the following month ）： He said he would go to Beijing the next week11. 祈使句 &感叹句祈使句：给出命令或者建议Open the door. Let s go shopping. Please be quiet./be quite可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - -

27、 - - - - -Don t laugh, will you. No smoking感叹句用来表示剧烈的情感What +a/an + adj + noun +subject +verbWhat a beautiful girl she is .What useful news. How+ adj /adv+ subject +verb How beautiful a girl she is.12. 重点句型there be 句型具有就近原就There is one book and two pens There are two pens and one bookUsed to 过去常常做某事

28、used to do过去“常常做” use是d 过去式形式，后接动词不定式useto do用 做use 是行为动词，可以适用于各种不同时态be/get used to doing sth.习惯做used 是形容词， to 是介词，后接名词或动名词例句： Kings and queens used to live in the old castles there. L12, P3He play basketball every afternoon before he broke his leg.A. used toB. got used toC. is used toD. use to 答案:AIt is +形容词 +to do（ it 做形式主语） It is good for us to do morning exercise It is kind of you to help me可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载