数字逻辑设计及应用.ppt

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1、1,数字逻辑设计及应用,任课教师:姜书艳电子科技大学自动化工程学院(主楼)C2-209 房间 http:/222.197.165.195/wlxt/course.aspx?courseid=0669,Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),2,Well begun is half done.An early bird catches the worm.,Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),3,志存高远 追求卓越 崇尚学术 追求真理 彰显个性 多样成才-王亚非,积极改造主观世

2、界 主动适应外围环境-王志强,4,自立:自己依靠自己自己决定自己未来的发展方向自律:要有自己管束自己的意识,5,认真学习专业知识 积极参加学生工作 注重培养思维方式和思考方法 注重培养自己的领导能力专注专业,全面发展,6,具有清楚的思维、表达和写作能力具有以批评的方式系统推理的能力具有形成概念和解决问题的能力具有独立思考的能力具有敢于创新及独立工作的能力具有与他人合作的能力,普林斯顿大学的本科培养目标:,7,具有判断什么意味着彻底理解某种东西的能力具有辨识重要的东西与琐碎的东西、持久的东西与短暂的东西的能力熟悉不同的思维方式具有某领域知识的深度,普林斯顿大学的本科培养目标:,8,具有观察不同学

3、科、文化、理念相关之处的能力具有一生求学不止的能力,普林斯顿大学的本科培养目标:,9,研究型大学本科教育的实质是:教育我们的学生成为具有好奇心反思和怀疑精神并至少能在一个知识领域中进行专门和集中学习的人,哈佛大学的教学理念:,10,不仅学生从老师那里学习而且老师也从学生那里学习在一所研究型大学研究与教学有一种辩证的关系,斯坦福大学,11,课程设置中讲座式为主而小组讨论的方式很少这样影响学生的收获,斯坦福大学校长约翰汉尼斯:,12,中国大学本科教育缺乏:1.跨学科的广度2.对批判性思维的培养,耶鲁大学校长理查德莱文:,13,所有对学生产生深远影响的重要的具体事件有4/5发生在课外,耶鲁大学,14

4、,1.自由教育与应试教育的差别2.学以致知与学以致用的差别3.求新与求多的差别,中西文化教育的差异:,15,西方文化: 求新、求异、求变中国文化: 求多不求新 求同不求异 求稳不求变,中西文化教育的差异:,16,强调实践应用突出系统概念强化软硬件联系注重知识面的宽度和广度注重解决实际问题能力的培养,大小班结合授课,17,注重学生人文素质的培养培养学生终身学习能力倡导个性发展,大小班结合授课,18,以学生为中心课内与课外相结合科学与人文相结合教学与科研相结合,大小班结合授课,19,小团队的实验室和研讨会的研究活动是重要的教学模式一切为了学生的成长一切从学生的实际出发 一切让学生自主选择、自我负责

5、,大小班结合授课,20,理论教学+实践教育+文化育人科学精神与人文精神融合专业教育与素质教育融合课内培养与课外培养融合共性发展与个性发展融合,大小班结合授课,21,学生听课时应精神饱满,适时做笔记,不要趴在桌子上或斜坐在座位上。桌面保持适当的整洁。课堂上应与老师进行必要的互动。,课堂录像,22,课程简介,“数字逻辑设计及应用”课程历来是我校的重要专业基础课程之一,是研究数字系统设计的入门课程。 通过本课程的学习,使学生掌握数字逻辑电路的基本理论和基本分析设计方法,为学习后续课程准备必要的电路知识。 本课程在培养学生严肃认真的科学作风和抽象思维能力、分析计算能力、总结归纳能力等方面起重要作用。

6、在本课程中,将介绍数字逻辑电路的分析设计方法和基本的系统设计技巧;培养同学综合运用知识提出问题、分析、解决问题、评价问题的能力和在工程性设计方面的基本素养。通过实验和课程设计、课外上机实验等的方式,使同学深入了解和掌握数字逻辑电路的设计分析方法和电路的运用过程。,Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),23,课程安排:64学时教材: 数字设计原理与实践(第4版 影印版) John F. Wakerly 高等教育出版社 2007参考书: 1.数字逻辑设计及应用,姜书艳主编,清华大学出版社,2007 2. 数字电子技术基础 (第5版),阎石

7、主编,高等教育出版社,20073. 数字设计原理与实践(第4版),John F. Wakerly,林生 等译,机械工业出版社,20074. 数字电路与系统 (第2版),刘宝琴等编著,清华大学出版社,20075. 数字电路逻辑设计(第3版),王毓银主编,高等教育出版社,2006,Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),24,相关学习网站:http:/222.197.165.195/wlxt/course.aspx?courseid=0669 :电子科技大学/互动教学空间/网络学堂/自动化工程学院/数字逻辑设计及应用姜书艳 部分习题解答 L

8、ogic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),25,内容安排:32次课 内容讲解29次,习题讲解3次第1,2章 3次 引言,数制与编码第3章 4次 数字电路器件基础第4,6章 11次 组合电路分析与设计第5章 1次 Verilog语言第7,8章 11次 时序电路分析与设计第9章 1次 存储器和可编程器件补充内容 1次 DAC和ADC,Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),26,习题 每次课 24题(基本采用教材习题); 每章结束上交,批改后将进行针对性讲解,并给出参考解答;每课一题 每次内容讲解的课上

9、布置,自备一页纸完成,要求当堂完成上交; 课程设计 综合性考查,组合电路和时序电路各一次,要求两周内完成后上交;小论文 针对某个专题,查阅相关资料,撰写自己的认识。,Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),27,教 学 考 核 方 式,平时作业及随堂考核成绩:15%课程设计:10%小论文若干篇,5%期中考试:30%期末考试:40%,Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),28,第 1 章作业,读书报告: 数字技术的发展历程要求:根据数字技术的发展历程,分析本课程应该重点学习哪些内

10、容? 学完本课程后,你应该具备哪些方面的能力?提示:仔细阅读教材第一章内容,同时可以在网上查阅一些相关资料,结合自己的思考,完成2000字以上的读书报告。中、英文均可。提交日期:第三周第一次课以前提交方式:电子版 发到QQ邮箱: ,29,传感器,接收器,信号发生器,隔离电路,滤波器,阻抗变换,放大器,运算电路,信号转换电路,比较器,采样保持,功率放大器,A/D转换,不同的闭环系统将引入各种不同的反馈!,反馈,电子系统所包含的知识点及其相互关系,脉冲的产生和整形,组合电路时序电路,单片机,30,数字逻辑设计,微机原理及接口技术,数字系统设计,VLSI 设计,本课程与后续课程的关系,EDA设计,3

11、1,课程的先进性,先进性主要体现在“元器件”和“方法”,1947年晶体管,1958年集成电路,69年大规模集成电路,75年超大规模集成电路,20世纪80年代PLD迅速发展,按10倍/6年集成度发展,20世纪90年代模拟可编程器件,20世纪90年代提出SoC的概念,PAL GALEPLD CPLDispPLD FPGA,21世纪初产生PSoC,32,8位微处理器、系统时钟源、程序和数据存储器,乘法累加器、低电压检测电路、升压泵、内部参考电压、模拟多路开关、大电流输出驱动,计数器、定时器、脉宽调制器、伪随机序列发生器、缓冲器、反相器、全双工串行通信接口,可编程增益放大器、仪用放大器、滤波器、电压比

12、较器、双音频拨号器等,PSoC 结构,33,Chapter 1 Introduction (引言),1.1 About Digital Design(关于 “ 数字设计 ”) Another name “Logic Design”. The goal of design is to Build System. Digital Design is engineering, and engineering means “Problem Solving”. Only 5%-10% is the Creative part of Design. Much of the rest is just “Tu

13、rning the Crank(曲柄)”.Important Themes(主题) in Digital Design(P2),Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),34,34,Why Study Digital Design?,Look “under the hood(覆盖)” of computersSolid understanding - better programmer when aware of hardware resource issues,Years shown above indicate when digita

14、l version began to dominate(Not the first year that a digital version appeared),1.1,35,35,Why Study Digital Design?,Electronic devices becoming digitalEnabled by smaller and more capable chipsEnables:Better devices: cameras, cars, medical devices, TVs.New devices: smart phones, robots, .Known as “em

15、bedded systems”Thousands of new devices every yearDesigners needed: Potential career direction,1.1,36,36,What Does “Digital” Mean?,Analog signalInfinite(无限) possible valuesEx: voltage on a wire created by microphone,analog signal,digital signal,Digital signalFinite possible valuesEx: button pressed

16、on a keypad,1.2,37,What Does “Digital” Mean?,Analog signalInfinite possible valuesEx: voltage on a wire created by microphone,value,time,value,time,analog signal,digital signal,Digital signalFinite possible valuesEx: button pressed on a keypad,0,1,2,3,4,Possible values:1.00, 1.01, 2.0000009, . infin

17、ite possibilities,Possible values:0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.Thats it.,1.2,38,1.2 Analog versus Digital(模拟与数字),模拟量:其变化在时间或数值上是连续的数字量:其变化在时间和数量上都是离散的数值大小是某一个最小数量单位的整数倍,Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),39,1.2 Analog versus Digital(模拟与数字),Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),Real sign

18、al : voice,music,moving pictureAnalog signal: voltage changed with timeDigital signal : sampling values from analog,40,40,Digital Signals with Only Two Values: Binary,Binary digital signal - only two possible valuesTypically represented as 0 and 1One binary digit is a bitWell only consider binary di

19、gital signals,value,time,1,0,41,41,Digital Signals with Only Two Values: Binary,Binary is popular becauseTransistors the basic digital electric component, operate using two voltages (more in Chpt. 3)Storing/transmitting one of two values is easier than three or more (e.g., loud beep or quiet beep, r

20、eflection or no reflection),42,42,Example of Digitization Benefit,Analog signal (e.g., audio, video) may lose qualityVoltage levels not saved/ copied/ transmitted perfectly,time,lengthy transmission(e.g, cell phone),lengthy transmission(e.g, cell phone),01,10,11,10,11,Higher sampling rate and more b

21、its per encoding improves re-creation,Not a perfect re-creation due to a2d and d2a,Let bit encoding be: 1 V: “01” 2 V: “10” 3 V: “11”,43,43,Example of Digitization Benefit,Digitized version enables near-perfect save/cpy/tran. “Sample” voltage at particular rate, save sample using bit encodingVoltage

22、 levels still not kept perfectlyBut we can distinguish 0s from 1s,time,lengthy transmission(e.g, cell phone),lengthy transmission(e.g, cell phone),01,10,11,10,11,Higher sampling rate and more bits per encoding improves re-creation,a,Not a perfect re-creation due to a2d and d2a,44,模拟信号在传输过程中失真 数字信号仍然

23、可以保持 0、1,1.2 Analog versus Digital(模拟与数字),Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),45,1.2 Analog versus Digital(模拟与数字),Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),The problem for Analog signal,Easy to be disturb (干扰)Shift with temperature Hard to be recordedCan not express abstract info

24、rmation,46,1.2 Analog versus Digital(模拟与数字),Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),The advantage of digital signal,On each data line, the signal is very simpleNot influenced by circumstance and deviceCan be recorded and transmitted easilyAny information can be code,47,1.2 Analog versus Dig

25、ital(模拟与数字),Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),Digital system,Any inputs and outputs can only be 1 or 0 !,Use logic to determine each output : 1 or 0 ?,48,48,How Do We Encode Data as Binary for Our Digital System?,Some inputs inherently binaryButton: not pressed (0), pressed (1)Some in

26、puts inherently digitalJust need encoding in binarye.g., multi-button input: encode red=001, blue=010, .,49,49,How Do We Encode Data as Binary for Our Digital System?,Some inputs analogNeed analog-to-digital conversionsample and encode with bits,50,1.2 Analog versus Digital(模拟与数字),Digital Circuits o

27、ver Analog Ones (数字系统及其优越性)Reproducibility of Results 结果再现性(稳定可靠、精度更高)Ease of design, Flexibility, and Functionality (易于设计,灵活性和功能性)Programmability 可编程性(HDL 硬件描述语言)Speed, Economy, and Steadily Advancing Technology (快速、经济、稳步发展的技术),Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),51,51,Digitization Ben

28、efit: Can Store on Digital Media,Store on CD, USB drive, etc. No deterioration (衰减).,52,52,Digitized Audio: Compression Benefit,Digitized audio can be compressede.g., MP3sA CD can hold about 20 songs uncompressed, but about 200 compressedCompression also done on digitized pictures (jpeg), movies (mp

29、eg), and moreDigitization has many other benefits too,53,53,Digitized Audio: Compression Benefit,0000000000 0000000000 0000001111 1111111111,10000001111,Example compression scheme:00 means 000000000001 means 11111111111X means X,00,00,01,54,Future: Maybe Everything will be Digitized,54,55,1.3 Digita

30、l Devices (数字器件),Gates(门电路): The most basic digital devices (AND Gate, OR Gate, and NOT Gate or Inverter) 最基本的数字器件(与、或、非门或反相器Flip-flops(触发器): A device that stores either 0 or 1 (一种能存储 0 或 1 的器件),Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),56,1.3 Digital Devices (数字器件),Figure 1-1 Digital Devices

31、 (a) AND Gate (b) OR Gate (c) NOT Gate or Inverter,Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),57,Basic device in digital system,Buffer,Truth table,Diagram,Equation,58,Basic device in digital system,NOT gate (inverter , INV),Truth table,Diagram,Equation,59,AND gate,diagram,equation,Truth table,

32、Basic device in digital system,60,OR gate,Basic device in digital system,equation,diagram,Truth table,61,NAND,NOR,Basic device in digital system,62,XOR,Basic device in digital system,63,Question,How many kinds of output combinations of 2 input veriables are,except AND OR NAND NOR XOR logic?(除了与、或、与非

33、、或非、异或逻辑运算以外,两个输入变量的逻辑运算还有多少种输出组合?),64,Number of Possible Boolean Functions,How many possible functions of 2 variables?22 rows in truth table, 2 choices for each2(22) = 24 = 16 possible functionsN variables2N rows2(2N) possible functions,65,The target of digital design,Gates design Design basic devi

34、ce by transistors Functional design Design functional circuits by basic device combinational logic circuits sequential logic circuits,66,1.3 Digital Devices (数字器件),Combinational Circuits(组合电路) Device(器件) Define(定义)Sequential Circuits(时序电路) Device(器件) Define(定义),Digital Logic Design and Application (

35、数字逻辑设计及应用),67,1.4 Electronic Aspects of Digital Design (数字设计的电子技术),How to realize Logic 0 and 1 in a Real circuit? (逻辑上的 0 和 1 在物理上如何实现?)What is the range of analog value with each logic value(0 or 1) 什么电平范围对应逻辑 0(或 1)?How to produce and figure out the signal in a proper range? (如何正确产生和识别处于适当范围的信号?)

36、The association between Digital and Analog (数字与模拟之间的关系),Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),68,1.5 Software Aspects of Digital Design (数字设计的软件技术),Software tools help to improve the designers productivity, the correctness and quality designs. ( 软件工具有助于提高设计的效率、正确性和质量。)Several Software Too

37、ls (几种软件工具 P9)Pspise,multisim,电路仿真-模拟电路Ise,MaxPlusII, QuatusII, Moldelsim仿真-数字电路protel,powerPCB,制版软件-布版布线,Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),69,1.6 Integrated Circuits(集成电路,IC),Wafer(单晶硅片)Die (模片),Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),70,1.6 Integrated Circuits(集成电路,IC),Wafe

38、r(单晶硅片)Die (模片) Dual In-line-pin Package (DIP, 双列直插式封装)(P13),Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),71,1.6 Integrated Circuits(集成电路,IC),Wafer(单晶硅片)Die (模片) Dual In-line-pin Package (DIP, 双列直插式封装)(P13) Small-Scale Integration (SSI,小规模集成): 1-20 Gates Medium-Scale Integration (MSI,中规模集成): 20-

39、200 Gates Large-Scale Integration (LSI,大规模集成): 200-1,000,000 Gates Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI,超大规模集成): Over 1,000,000 Transistors,Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),72,Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),几种7400系列SSI IC的引脚图,73,1.7 Programmable Logic Devices (可编程逻辑器件

40、),Programmable Logic Array (PLA, 可编程逻辑阵列)Programmable Array Logic (PAL, 可编程阵列逻辑)Programmable Logic Device (PLD, 可编程逻辑器件)Complex PLD (CPLD, 复杂可编程逻辑器件)Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA, 现场可编程门阵列),Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),74,1.7 Programmable Logic Devices (可编程逻辑器件),大型可编程逻辑元件的扩

41、展方法,Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),75,1.8 Application-Specific ICs 专用集成电路(ASIC),Semi-Custom IC (半定制IC) Non-Recurring Engineering (NRE) Cost (非再现工程成本): $10,000 - $500,000 Custom IC (全定制IC)NRE Cost: Over $500,000,Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),76,1.9 Printed-Circuit

42、 Boards (PCB, 印制电路板),Printed-Wiring Boards (PWB,印制线路板) Surface-Mount Technology (SMT, 表面安装技术) Multi-Chip Module (MCM, 多芯片模块) SoC,NoC(System on Chip, Network on Chip)(片上系统,片上网络),Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),77,印制电路板 (PCB, Printed-Circuit Boards),Digital Logic Design and Applicatio

43、n (数字逻辑设计及应用),78,1.10 Digital Design Levels (数字设计层次),Device Physics Level (器件物理层) IC Manufacturing Process Level (IC 制造过程级) Transistor Level (晶体管级) Gates Structure Level (门电路结构级) Logic Design Level (逻辑设计级) Overall System Design (整体系统设计),Digital Logic Design and Application (数字逻辑设计及应用),79,Implementin

44、g Digital Systems: Programming Microprocessors Vs. Designing Digital Circuits,Microprocessors a common choice to implement a digital systemEasy to programCheap (as low as $1)Readily available,Desired motion-at-night detector,Programmedmicroprocessor,Custom designeddigital circuit,1.3,80,80,Implement

45、ing Digital Systems: Programming Microprocessors Vs. Designing Digital Circuits,I,3,I,4,I,5,I,6,I,7,I,2,I,1,I,0,P3,P4,P5,P6,P7,P2,P1,P0,void main() while (1) P0 = I0 / F = a and !b, ,0,F,b,a,1,0,1,0,1,6:00,7:05,7:06,9:00,9:01,time,Programmedmicroprocessor,1.3,81,81,Digital Design: When Microprocesso

46、rs Arent Good Enough,With microprocessors so easy, cheap, and available, why design a digital circuit?Microprocessor may be too slowOr too big, power hungry, or costly,Wing controller computation task: 50 ms on microprocessor 5 ms as custom digital circuitIf must execute 100 times per second: 100 * 50 ms = 5000 ms = 5 seconds 100 * 5 ms = 500 ms = 0.5 secondsMicroprocessor too slow, circuit OK.,

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