初一英语语法总结.doc

《初一英语语法总结.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初一英语语法总结.doc（8页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、初一英语语法总结初一英语语法总结初一英语语法总结一、词法1、名词A）、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas二）x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如：baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,comedy-comedies,doc

2、umentary-documentaries,story-stories2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios,photos,但如是辅音加o的加es：如:tomatoes西红柿,potatoes马铃薯五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish,sheep,deer鹿子,C

3、hinese,Japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察,class班，同学,family家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：actionmovie-actionmovies,penpal-penpals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：mandoctor-mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers十）有的单复数意思

4、不同。如：fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,paper纸papers报纸，卷子，论文,work工作works作品，工厂,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光线lights灯,people人peoples民族,time时间times时代,次数,chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡十一）单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或s。如：Is(Is),Ks(Ks)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs,VCDs,SARs十二）特殊形式的有：child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,p

5、oliceman-policemen,Englishman-EnglishmenB）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加s。如：brothers,Mikes,teachers二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：TeachersDay教师节,classmates;ChildrensDay六一节,WomensDay三八节三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：MikeandBensroom迈克和本的房间（共住一间），MikesandBen

6、srooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）2、代词项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词人称主格宾格形容词名词性第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数sheherherhersherselfhehimhishishimselfitititsitsthisthatitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthesethosethemselves3、动词A）第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那

7、样加s，如下：一）一般在词后加s。如：comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains二）在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：watches,washes,wishes,finishes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys四）以o结尾加es。如：does,goes五）特殊的有：are-is,have-hasB）现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用

8、原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如showshowing,draw-drawing）要双

9、写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：一）一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest,shortershortest,tallertallest,longerlongest,nicer-nicest,larger-largest二）以

10、重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewerfewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er/est。如：big-biggerbiggest,red-redderreddest,hot-hotterhottest三）以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happierhappiest,sorry-sorriersorriest,friendly-friendlierfriendliest(morefriendlymostfriendly),busy-busierbusiest,easy-easiereasiest四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)

11、good/well-betterbestmany/much-moremostbad/illworseworstlittle-lessleastold-older/elderoldest/eldestfar-farther/furtherfarthest/furthest5、数词(基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i,eth跟上去。)first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;twenty-twentieth,forty-fortie

12、th,ninety-ninetieth二、句式1.陈述句肯定陈述句a)Thisisabook.(be动词)b)Helooksveryyoung.(连系动词)c)Iwantasweatlikethis.(实义动词)d)Icanbringsomethingstoschool.(情态动词)e)Theresacomputeronmydesk.(Therebe结构)否定陈述句a)Thesearenttheirbooks.b)Theydontlooknice.c)KatedoesntgotoNo.4MiddleSchool.d)Katecantfindherdoll.e)Thereisntacathere

13、.(=Theresnocathere.)2.祈使句肯定祈使句a)Pleasegoandasktheman.b)LetslearnEnglish!c)Comein,please.否定祈使句a)Dontbelate.b)Donthurry.3.疑问句1)一般疑问句a)IsJimastudent?b)CanIhelpyou?c)Doesshelikesalad?d)DotheywatchTV?e)Isshereading?肯定回答:a)Yes,heis.b)Yes,youcan.c)Yes,shedoes.d)Yes,theydo.e)Yes,sheis.否定回答:a)No,heisnt.b)No,

14、youcant.c)No,shedoesnt.d)No,theydont.e)No,sheisnt.2)选择疑问句Isthetablebigorsmall?回答Itsbig./Itssmall.3)特殊疑问句问年龄HowoldisLucy?Sheistwelve.问种类Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?Ilikeactionmoviesandcomedies.问身体状况Howisyouruncle?Heiswell/fine.问方式Howdo/canyouspellit?L-doubleO-K.Howdowecontactyou?Mye-mailaddressiscindyj

15、ones.问原因Whydoyouwanttojointheclub?问时间Whatsthetime?(=Whattimeisit?)Itsaquartertotena.m.Whattimedoyouusuallygetup,Rick?Atfiveoclock.Whendoyouwanttogo?Letsgoat7:00.问地方Wheresmybackpack?Itsunderthetable.问颜色Whatcolorarethey?Theyarelightblue.Whatsyourfavouritecolor?Itsblack.问人物Whosthat?Itsmysister.Whoisthe

16、boyinblue?Mybrother.Whoisntatschool?PeterandEmma.WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto?问东西Whatsthis/that(inEnglish)?Itsapencilcase.Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseesomebroccoli,strawberriesandhamburgers.11问姓名Whatsyourauntsname?HernameisHelen./ShesHelen.Whatsyourfirstname?MyfirstnamesBen.Whatsyourfamilyname?

17、MyfamilynamesSmith.12问哪一个Whichdoyoulike?Ilikeoneinthebox.13问字母Whatletterisit?ItsbigD/smallf.14问价格Howmucharethesepants?Theyre15dollars.15问电话号码Whatsyourphonenumber?Its576-8349.16问谓语(动作)Whatshedoing?HeswatchingTV.17问职业(身份)Whatdoyoudo?Imateacher.Whatsyourfather?Hesadoctor.三、时态1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一

18、般现在时，它有：Be动词：Shesaworker.Issheaworker?Sheisntaworker.情态动词：Icanplaythepiano.Canyouplaythepiano?Icantplaythepiano.行为动词：Theywanttoeatsometomatoes.Dotheywanttoeatanytomatoes?Theydontwanttoeatanytomatoes.Ginahasanicewatch.DoesGinahaveanicewatch?Ginadoesnthaveawatch.2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sbbev-ingsth+其它.Implayingbaseball.Areyouplayingbaseball?Imnotplayingbaseball.Nancyiswritingaletter.IsNancywritingaletter?Nancyisntwritingaletter.Theyrelisteningtothepopmusic.Aretheylisteningthepopmusic?Theyarentlisteningtothepopmusic.第 8 页 共 8 页