2018年考研英语（一）真题：新题型真题及解析（文字版） .docx

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1、2018年考研英语（一）真题：新题型真题及解析（文字版）OriginallybuiltfortheState,WarandNavyDepartmentsbetween1871and1888,theEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuildingnowhousesamajorityofofficesforWhiteHousestaff.TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuildingislocatednexttotheWestWing,andhousesamajorityofofficesforWhiteHousestaff.Originallybuil

2、tfortheState,WarandNavyDepartmentsbetween1871and1888,theEEOBisanimpressivebuildingthatcommandsauniquepositioninbothournationalhistoryandarchitecturalheritage.DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasuryAlfredMullett,thegranite,slateandcastironexteriormakestheEEOBoneofAmericasbestexamplesoftheFrenchSe

3、condEmpirestyleofarchitecture.Ittook17yearsforMullettsmasterpiecetofinallybecompleted.TakeatouroftheEEOBhere.HistoryNextdoortotheWhiteHouse,theEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding(EEOB)commandsauniquepositioninbothournationalhistoryandarchitecturalheritage.DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasury,Al

4、fredB.Mullett,itwasbuiltfrom1871to1888tohousethegrowingstaffsoftheState,War,andNavyDepartments,andisconsideredoneofthebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpirearchitectureinthecountry.InboldcontrasttomanyofthesomberclassicalrevivalbuildingsinWashington,theEEOBsflamboyantstyleepitomizestheoptimismandexuberanc

5、eofthepost-CivilWarperiod.TheState,War,andNavyBuilding,asitwasoriginallyknown,housedthethreeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimatelyassociatedwithformulatingandconductingthenationsforeignpolicyinthelastquarterofthenineteenthcenturyandthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcenturytheperiodwhentheUnitedStatesem

6、ergedasaninternationalpower.Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenationsmostsignificantdiplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmanyhistoricevents.ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswerelaid.ThefirstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedonsitesflankingtheWhiteHousebetween1799and1820.Aseriesoffires(i

7、ncludingthosesetbytheBritishin1814)andovercrowdedconditionsledtotheconstructionoftheexistingTreasuryBuilding.In1866,theconstructionoftheNorthWingoftheTreasuryBuildingnecessitatedthedemolitionoftheStateDepartmentbuildingtothenortheastoftheWhiteHouse.TheStateDepartmentthenmovedtotheD.C.OrphanAsylumBui

8、ldingwhiletheWarandNavyDepartmentscontinuedtomakedowiththeircrampedquarterstothewestoftheWhiteHouse.InDecemberof1869,CongressappointedacommissiontoselectasiteandprepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartmentBuilding.ThecommissionwasalsotoconsiderpossiblearrangementsfortheWarandNavyDepartments.To

9、thehorrorofsomewhoexpectedaGreekRevivaltwinoftheTreasuryBuildingtobeerectedontheothersideoftheWhiteHouse,theelaborateFrenchSecondEmpirestyledesignbyAlfredMullettwasselected,andconstructionofabuildingtohouseallthreedepartmentsbeganinJuneof1871.Constructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingbywing.

10、WhentheEEOBwasfinishedin1888,itwasthelargestofficebuildinginWashington,withnearly2milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors.Almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcastironorplaster;theuseofwoodwasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety.Eightmonumentalcurvingstaircasesofgranitewithover4,000individuallycastbronzebalustersareca

11、ppedbyfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas.Completedin1875,theStateDepartmentssouthwingwasthefirsttobeoccupied,withitselegantfour-storylibrary(completedin1876),DiplomaticReceptionRoom,andSecretarysofficedecoratedwithcarvedwood,Orientalrugs,andstenciledwallpatterns.TheNavyDepartmentmovedintoth

12、eeastwingin1879,whereelaboratewallandceilingstencilingandmarqetryfloorsdecoratedtheofficeoftheSecretary.TheIndianTreatyRoom,originallytheNavyslibraryandreceptionroom,costmorepersquarefootthananyotherroominthebuildingbecauseofitsrichmarblewallpanels,tiledfloors,800-poundbronzesconces,andgoldleafornam

13、entation.ThisroomhasbeenthesceneofmanyPresidentialnewsconferencesandcontinuestobeusedforconferencesandreceptionsattendedbythePresident.Theremainingnorth,west,andcenterwingswereconstructedfortheWarDepartmentandtookanadditional10yearstobuild.Notableinteriorsincludeanornatecast-ironlibrary,theSecretary

14、ssuite,andthestainedglassskylightoverthewestwingsdoublestaircase.ManyofourmostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistoricaleventsthathavetakenplacewithintheEEOBsgranitewalls.TheodoreandFranklinD.Roosevelt,WilliamHowardTaft,DwightD.Eisenhower,LyndonB.Johnson,GeraldFord,andGeorgeH.W.Bushallhad

15、officesinthisbuildingbeforebecomingPresident.Ithashoused16SecretariesoftheNavy,21SecretariesofWar,and24SecretariesofState.WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapaneseemissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordellHullafterthebombingofPearlHarbor.PresidentHerbertHooveroccupiedtheSecretaryofNavysoff

16、iceforafewmonthsfollowingafireintheOvalOfficeonChristmasEve1929.Inrecenthistory,PresidentRichardNixonhadaprivateofficehere.VicePresidentLyndonB.JohnsonwasthefirstinasuccessionofVicePresidentstothepresentdaythathavehadofficesinthebuilding.Gradually,theoriginaltenantsoftheEEOBvacatedthebuildingtheNavy

17、Departmentleftin1918(exceptfortheSecretarywhostayeduntil1921),followedbytheWarDepartmentin1938,andfinallybytheStateDepartmentin1947.TheWhiteHousebegantomovesomeofitsofficesacrossWestExecutiveAvenuein1939,andin1949thebuildingwasturnedovertotheExecutiveOfficeofthePresidentandrenamedtheExecutiveOfficeB

18、uilding.ThebuildingcontinuestohousevariousagenciesthatcomprisetheExecutiveOfficeofthePresident,suchastheWhiteHouseOffice,theOfficeoftheVicePresident,theOfficeofManagementandBudget,andtheNationalSecurityCouncil.TheFrenchSecondEmpirestyleoriginatedinEurope,whereitfirstappearedduringtherebuildingofPari

19、sinthe1850sand60s.BaseduponFrenchRenaissanceprototypes,suchastheLouvrePalace,theSecondEmpirestyleischaracterizedbytheuseofasteepmansardroof,centralandendpavilions,andanelaboratelysculpturedfacade.Itssophisticationappealedtovisitingforeigners,especiallyinEnglandandAmerica,whereasearlyasthelate1850s,a

20、rchitectsbeganadoptingisolatedfeaturesand,eventually,thestyleasacoherentwhole.AlfredMullettsinterpretationoftheFrenchSecondEmpirestylewas,however,particularlyAmericanizedinitslackofanornatesculpturalprogramanditsbold,lineardetails.Whileitwasonlyaprojectonthedraftingtable,thedesignoftheEEOBwassubject

21、tocontroversy.Whenitwascompletedin1888,theSecondEmpirestylehadfallenfromfavor,andMullettsmasterpiecewasperceivedbycapriciousVictoriansasonlyanembarrassingreminderofpastwhimsinarchitecturalpreference.ThiswasespeciallythecasewiththeEEOB,sincepreviousplansforabuildingonthesamesitehadbeenintheGreekReviv

22、ialstyleoftheTreasuryBuilding.In1917,theCommissionofFineArtsrequestedJohnRussellPopetopreparesketchesoftheState,War,andNavybuildingthatincorporatedClassicalfacades.Duringthesameyear,WashingtonarchitectWaddyB.WoodcompletedadrawingdepictingthebuildingremodeledtoresembletheTreasuryBuilding.Thisprojectw

23、asrevivedin1930whenCongressappropriated$3millionforitsconstruction.Woodworkedfor3yearsonthedesigntoremovethegranitewallsandreplacethemwithmarble,buttheprojectwasshelvedduetofinancialburdensimposedbytheGreatDepression.In1957,PresidentEisenhowersAdvisoryCommitteeonPresidentialOfficeSpacerecommendeddem

24、olitionoftheExecutiveOfficeBuildingandconstructionofamodernofficefacility.However,thepublicoutcry,andtheoverwhelmingexpensesassociatedwiththedemolition,savedthebuilding.Thebuildinghasnotbeenwithoutdetractors.IthasbeenreferredtoasMullettsarchitecturalinfantasylumbywriterHenryAdams.PresidentHarryS.Tru

25、mancametothedefenseofthebuildingwhenitwasthreatenedbydemolitionin1958.HesaiditwasthegreatestmonstrosityinAmerica.NotedarchitecturalhistorianHenry-RussellHitchcock,howeverdescribeditasperhapsthebestextantexampleinAmericaofthesecondempire.ThebuildingwasdesignatedaNationalHistoricLandmarkin1969.In1972,

26、itwaslistedontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesandtheDistrictofColumbiaInventoryofHistoricSites.Since1981,theOfficeofAdministrationoftheExecutiveOfficeofthePresidenthasactivelypursuedarigorousprogramofrehabilitationoftheEEOB.Theentirestructurehasbenefitedfromanupgradedmaintenanceprogramthathasalsoi

27、ncludedrestorationofsomeoftheEEOBsmostspectacularhistoricinteriors.In1988,CongressenactedlegislationtoallowtheOfficeofAdministrationtoacceptgiftsandloansfromthepubliconbehalfoftheEEOBtobeusedforpreservationandrestorationpurposes.Personsinterestedinfindingoutmoreaboutthepreservationprogramorinmakinga

28、contributionshouldcontactthePreservationOffice.FactsArchitecturalStyle:FrenchSecondEmpireConstructionDates:18711888(17yearstotal)SupervisingArchitects:AlfredMullett(1869-1874),WilliamPotter(1875-1875),OrvilleBabcock(1875-1877),ThomasLincolnCasey(1877-1888)ChiefDesigner:RichardEzdorfTotalCost:$10,038

29、,482.42TotalBuildingArea:662,598GSF(15.21acresor111/2footballfields)NumberofLevels:Basement,Ground,Floors1through5OriginalNumberofRooms:553ExteriorColumns:900OriginalInteriorDoors:1,314OriginalExteriorWindows:1,572BronzeStairBalusters:4,004NumberofSteps:1,784(76lessthantheEmpireStateBuildingwith1,86

30、0steps)NumberofStairs:65TotalCorridorLength:9,160-1or1.73miles(2.793kilometers)NumberofOriginalFireplaces:151(83remain)WhiteHouseLogo正确答案顺序是：DEGBA简要解析如下：D选项放在41题：众多选项都出现了EEOB这个简称，不论中文还是英文，都必须先有全称，再给简称。只有D选项出现了全称接下来，首句信息出现时间关系的有四个选项：B: Completedin1875.E: ThehistoryoftheEEOB.F: Constructiontook17years.G: InDecemberof1869四个选项中，E选项显然是一个总起，阐述接下来所有的时间结构，然后顺序应该是G-F-B。结合F选项的位置，可以判断42-44的选项是EGBA选项没有任何时间关系，结合前面的信息，只能放在最后