高考英语分辨同义词或近义词(共19页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上1. 所谓分辨同义词或近义词,是指通过分辨四个选项中词形相异但意思相近的词语,当然也有少数同义词的含义是等同或几乎等同的。这类题主要是测试考生对同义词或近义词之间细微差别的掌握情况。同义词或近义词虽然概念相同或相近,但在含义和用法上仍存在差别。 2解题思路这类题相对来说比较难,它要求考生不单单掌握每个词的含义,还要从用法、使用场合和词与词的搭配关系上进行分析,最后作出正确的判断。 The shop assistant was dismissed as she was_of cheating customers. A) accused B) charged C)scol

2、ded D)cursed选A)。此题测试的动词和介词的搭配。accuse sb .of doing sth. 控告某人作了某事情; charge sb with sth表示类似的意思;scold sb.for doing表示斥责某人做某事情;be cursed with表示遭难的意思。全句的意思是:那位店员因为被指控欺骗顾客而被解雇。2His wife is constantly finding_with him,which makes him very angry. A)errors B)shortcomings C) fault D) flaw 选C)。四个词都有“错误,短处”的意思。fi

3、nd fault(with sb./sth.)是固定搭配,意思是“挑的毛病,找某人的岔;挑剔”。全句的意思是:他妻子对他总是很挑剔,这使得他很生气。全句的意思是:他妻子经常挑他的错,这使得他很生气。3The Police are trying to find out the_of the woman killed in the traffic accident evdence B) recognition C) status D), identity选D)。identity身份,如:The police are still uncertain of the murderers identity

4、.警察尚未证实杀人犯的身份。evidence证据,证物;status地位,身份相对于其他人的位置,状况;recognition 承认,认可。全句的意思是;警方正在全力查找车祸遇害妇女的身份。4.John doesnt believe in_medicine;he has some remedies of his own. A) standard B) regular C) routine D) conventional 选D) 。standard标准的,权威的,第一流的;regular规则的,有秩序的,经常的;routine例行的;常规的;conventional惯例的,常规的,习俗的,传统的

5、。只有conventional符合题意,意思是:传统药物。全句的意思是;约翰不相信传统药物(疗效),他有自己的治疗方法。5The European Union countries were once worried that they would not have _supplies petroleum. proficient B) efficient C)potential D)sufficie选D)。 proficient(熟练的,精通的);efficient(能干的,有效率的);potential(有潜力的);sufficient(充分的,足够的)。全句的意思是:欧盟曾经担心石油供应不足

6、。6. During the process,great care has to be taken to protect the_ silk from damage A) sensitive B) tender C)delicate D)sensible 选C)。sensitive敏感的,灵敏的;tender嫩的,温柔的,软弱的,如:tender meat嫩肉,a tender mother慈母,tender care细心的照顾,a tender heart心肠软的,富于同情心的等;delicate精美的,精致的,精巧的,如:a delicate piece of embroidery精致的刺

7、绣品;sensible明智的,有判断力的。全句的意思是:在加工过程中,要格外小心,避免精致的丝绸受到损伤。7The clothes a person wears may express his_or social position A) curiosity B)status C)determination D)significance 选B)。curiosity好奇心,求知欲;status身份,地位;determination决心;significanoe意义,重要性。根据题意应选B)。另外,or后面的social position实际上是对前面并列的status的解释,也是一个重要的选项线索

8、。全句的意思是:一个人的衣着可以表示他的身份或社会地位。8My father seemed to be in no_to look at my school report feeling B) attitude C)emotion D)mood 选D)。be in the mood/no mood to do something是固定搭配,表示 “有(没有)做的心情”。根据题意,只有D)符合题意要求。其他三个名词都不能形成be in no搭配。全句的意思是:我父亲似乎没有心情看我的学习成绩单。 9.A peculiarly pointed chin is his most memorable

9、facial_. mark B)feature C) trace D) appearance 选B)。注意原句中的两个形容词:memorable(令人难忘的)和 facial(面部的)。然后再从四个选项中挑出可以被“令人难忘” 和“面部的”修饰的名词。四个名词的意义分别是:mark标记,记号;feature特征;trace痕迹,踪迹;appearance外貌,外表。惟有B)最合题意。全句的意思是:独特的尖下巴是他最令人难忘的面部特征。10. A lot of ants are always invading my kitchenThey are a thorough_.A) nuisance

10、B) trouble C) worry D)anxiety 选A)。nuisance意为“令人讨厌的人(东西,情况等)”(a person,thing or situation that annoys you or causes problems);trouble 意为“麻烦,苦恼”(problems that make something diffcult, spoil your plan, make you worry, etc.);worry意为“担心,发愁;anxiety意为“焦虑”,与worry意义相近。蚂蚁是“令人讨厌的东西”,而不是“问题,难题(problem)”,更不是“担优”

11、,“焦虑”等。故A)是正确答案。全句的意思是:大量的妈蚁老是进人我的厨房,蚂蚁是非常令人讨厌的东西。11 When people become unemployed,it is_which is often worse than lack of wages. laziness B) poverty C) idleness D) inability 选C)。laziness懒惰;poverty贫穷;idleness无事可干,闲待; inability无能力,无办法。失业引起的什么状况比失去工资更糟糕呢?不可能是poverty,更不可能是laziness或inability,因为失业本身就可能意味

12、着贫穷,而懒惰和无能是某些人的本性,不是失业引起的。所以是idleness。全句的意思是:当人们失业时,无所事事比失去工资更糟糕。12In previous times,when fresh meat was in short_pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.A)store B)provision C) reserve D) supply 选D)。store意为“储存的东西”或“商店”,短语in store的意思是“存储备用”;provision意为“提供,供应”,常与of搭配,但没有in short provi

13、sion这样的搭配;reserve意为“储备物,储量”,in reserve的意思是“留待后用”;supply意为“供应,供应量”,短语in shoat supply是“供应短缺”的意思。根据原句句意,D)是答案。全句的意思是:在过去,当鲜肉短缺时,许多家庭靠养鸽子作为食物的来源。13 Professor Taylors talk has indicated that science has a very strong_on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientistsA) motivation B) perspective

14、 C) impression D) impact选D) 。 motivation动机;perspective看法,观点,观察,前景;motivation印象;impact影响,冲击。根据辨析可见,选项impact符合题意要求。全句的意思是:泰勒教授的谈话已表明,科学已对科学家以及非科学家的日常生活产生了很大的影响。14. The manager spoke highly of such_a loyalty,courage and truthfulness shown by hisemployees. A) virtues B) features C) properties D) charact

15、eristics选A)。四个名词的意义分别是:virtues美德;features特征; properties特性,财产;characteristics(性格等方面的)特征。原句中loyalty(忠诚),courage(勇气)和truthfulness(诚实)等词都属于“美德”的范畴,A)是正确答案。全句的意思是:经理高度赞扬他的雇员表现出来的诸如忠诚、勇气和坦率等美德。15 Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full_.A)capacity B)strength C) l

16、ength D) possibility选A)。capacity能力,才能;strength力量;length长度;possibility可能性。根据题意,选项A) 是正确答案。选项B)的干扰性最强。strength指的是人的“力气,体力”,也可以指人或团体的“实力”、本题表达的是要发挥能力,而不是施展力气。全句的意思是:不外出上班的家庭主妇们往往觉得没有充分发挥自己的能力。16 The newspaper did not mention the_of the damage caused by the fire.range B) level C) extent D) quantity选C)。r

17、ange“范围,区域”,表示可以达到或探测到的最大范围;level“水平,程度”,指一个量表或序列中的位置;extent“程度”,the extent of the damage意为“损失的程度”;quantity“数量”;根据本题句意,要表示的不是火灾的范围,水平和数量,而是火灾造成的损坏程度。全句的意思是:报纸没有报导这次大火造成的损坏程度。17Shall had prepared carefully for her bidogy examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first_intention B) at

18、tempt C) purpose D) desire选B)。intention意图,意向;attempt试图,努力;purpose目的,意图;desire愿望,欲望。全句的意思是:雪莉为生物学考试做了精心准备,以便有把握地一次通过。18. I caught a_of the taxi before it disappeared around the corner of the streetA) vision B)glimpse C) look D) scene 选B)。vision视力,洞察力(power of seeing or imaging)”;glimpse“一瞥(quick ,imp

19、erfect view of something/somebody)”,catch a glimpse of (瞥见),这是一固定搭配;look“外观,脸色(appearance);scene”景象(view ,something seen)。全句的意思是:那辆出租车在街道拐角处消失之前我瞥了它眼。19The manager lost his _just because his secretary was ten minutes late.A) mood B) temper C)mind D) passion选B)。mood“心情、情绪”;temper意为“脾气、情绪”,lose ones t

20、emper意为“发脾气,生气”;mind“头脑,精神,理智”lose ones mind 意为“发疯,发狂”;passion “强烈的感情,热情”。全句的意思是:仅仅因为秘书迟到了10分钟,经理就发脾了。20. A_to this problem is expected to be found before long. A)result B)response C) settlement D)solution选D)。result结果,成绩,答案; 产生,起于,致使;response 反应,回答,响应;settlement。解决,处理; solution解决,解答。solution和to搭配,表示

21、“解决某问题的方法” 21You have nothing to_by refusing to listen to our advice.A)gain B) grasp C)seize D)earn 选A)。gain得到,获得,获利;grasp抓住,紧握,领会;seize抓钱、突然抓住; earn赚得,获得,博得。句中的by refusing to listen to our advice求选择A)。全句的意思是:拒绝听取我们的建议,你得不到任何好处。22He made such a_contribution to the university that they are naming one

22、 of the new buildings after him.A)generous B) minimum C)modest D)genuine选A)。generous.慷慨的,大量的;minimum 最少的,最低的; modest.谦逊的,羞怯的,适度的;genuine.真实的,真正的,诚恳的。全句的意思是:他给了大学大量的捐赠,大学也因此以他的名字命名了一座大楼。23.Mose nurses are women , but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a _scarcity B)minority C)

23、minimum D) shortage选B)。scarcity缺乏,不足,缺少;minimum最小量;minority 少数,少数民族;shortage不足,缺乏。be in the minority是习惯用语,一,意思是:占少数。24President Benchs background as a doctor has given him_into the medical problems that face the country.A)a view B)a vision C) an insight D)a sight 选C)。view视野,风景,见解;insight洞察力,见识;visio

24、n视觉,:先见之明,光景;sight景观,视力,眼界。have/give/gai an insight into是固定的搭配,意思是:对有深刻的见解。25.However,at time this balance in nature, is_,resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effectsA) troubled B) disturbed C) confused D) puzzled 选B)。troubled麻烦的,混乱的,不平静的;disturbed被扰乱的,妨碍;confused困惑的,烦恼的;puzzled困惑的。根据句子主语thi

25、s balance in nature的提示,应该选择B)。26.The newcomers found it impossible to_themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the countryA) suit B) adapt C) rebate D)coordinate 选B)。suit适合,取悦,满足;adapt(to)使适应,regulate规定,调节;coordinate协调,整合,综合。adapt oneself to是固定搭配,意思是:使某人适应。27.As a result of

26、careless washing the jacket_to a childs size.A) compressed B) shrank C) dropped D) decreased 选B)。通过原因“careless washing”推出正确选项;shrank,意思是“收缩”。注意四个选项中只有B)项表示“衣服缩水”的意思:其他各项的意思是:A)紧压,压缩;c)下降; D)减少。28 It was felt that he lacked the_to pursue a difficult task to the very end A) petition B) engagement C) c

27、ommitment D) qualification选C)。在这道题中,四个选项均属于含义抽象的英语单词。 选项A) petition意为“请愿书” 、“恳求”、“祈祷”;选项D) qnalification意为“资格,品格”上述两个选项其实都是陪衬,其含义均与正确选项C) commitment(献身、介人;承诺)差之甚远。只有选项B)engagement(允诺、约)有些相近,但其含义重在“预约”、“订约”,而不在于精神上的“献身”、“投身”或“(事实上的)承诺、保证。” 四 常用动词、形容词与名词、介词短语的搭配1.考点分析固定搭配、动词词组、介词词组等都是英语的习惯用法。 众多的英语学者认

28、为英语的习惯用法无规律可循,其实不尽其然。例如,若从构词法、冠词、介词的某些用法规则入手,亦有助于掌握一些英语的固定搭配。2解题思路从搭配关系人手寻找最佳答案。若难以判断,有时可利用and ,or或but等连词推理之。3.例题祥解All her energies are_upon her children and she seems to have little time for anything else. A) guided B) aimed C) directed D) focused选D)。这也是一道测试动词和介词搭配题。Focus(on)使集中在焦点上;guide带领,引导;dire

29、ct(to)指明方向,指导等;aim (at)瞄准,对准。全句的意思是:她把所有的精力都集中在她的孩子们身上,因而她好像没有时间做别的事情。The film provides a deep_into a wide range of human qualities and feelings. A)insight B) imagination C) fancy D) outlook 选A)。insight洞察力,见识;imagination想象,空想;fancy迷恋,想象力;outlook见解,展望,前景,其中只有insight能和into 搭配,take(have)an insight into

30、意思是“了解,熟悉;看透等” 全句的意思是:这部电影使我们更深刻地了解到范围广泛的人类品德和感情。3 You would be_a risk to let your child go to school by himself A) omitting B) attaching B)affording D)running 选D)。本题测试固定搭配run/take a risk (s),意思是冒险。omit(省略,遗漏);attach(附加,附属等) ;afford(提供,买得起)。全句的意思是:让孩子独自一人上学是一种冒险。4 I can_some noise while Im studying,

31、but I cant stand loud rises.A) come up with B) catch up with C) put up with D) keep up with 选C)。come up with提出;拿出;catch up with赶上;put up with 忍受;容忍;keep up with跟得上。全句的意思是:在学习的时候,我可以忍受一点噪音,但是我不能忍受强烈的噪音。5 I have had great deal of trouble_the rest of the class coming up against B) making up for C) keep

32、ing up with D) living up to 选C)。 come up against遭遇;make up for补偿;keep up with跟得上;live up to遵守;配得上。全句的意思是:跟上班里的其他同学,对我来说,很辛苦。6 We had to_a lot of noise when the children were at homeA)go in for B) hold on to C) put up with D) keep pace with 选C)。put up with忍受;go in for爱好;参予;hold on to握紧;等候;keep pace w

33、ith保持相同步调。全句的意思是:孩子在家里时,我们不得不忍受吵闹。7Advanced computer technology has_an answer to accurate weather forecasting.set up B)come up with C) filled in D) faced up to选B)。set up建立;提出;come up with提出;拿出;fill in 填写;face up大胆面对;承认。全句的意思是:先进的计算机技术已经能够做出准确的天气预报。8 Very few scientists_completely new answers to the

34、worlds problem.A)come out B)come up with C)come round D)come up to 选B)。come out出现;真相大白;come up with提出;拿出;come round拜访,苏醒;come up to达到。全句的意思是:很少有科学家能就世界的所有问题提出完全新颖的解决办法。9 If you happen to_my lost papers while youre locking for your book, .please let me know at once by telephone. come across B)come to

35、 C)come up D)come over选A)。come across不期而遇;交付;come to想起;共计;come up上升;讨论,出现;come over过来,抓住。全句的意思是:如果你在寻找你的书本的时候,碰巧看到我遗失的文件,请马上电话通知我。10The car _halfway for no reason. A) broke off B) broke down G)broke up D) broke out选B)。brake off 终止;break down抛锚;损坏,不能抑制感情;break up打碎;停止,解散;break out突发;发生,打开。全句的意思是:那辆车不

36、知什么原因中途抛锚了。11 . Having decided to rent a flat,we_contacting all the accommodations in the city. A) set about B) set down C) set out D) set up 选A)。set about开始;着手;set down放下;制定;set out启程;展示;set up建立;提出。全句的意思是:决定下来租一套公寓之后,我们着手联系城里所有的膳宿机构。12 . We love peace,yet we are not the kind of people to yield_any

37、 military threatA)up B)to C)in D)at选B)。yield to是固定词组。意思是:屈服,让步,对妥协。全句的意思是:我们热爱和平,但是我们不会向任何军事威胁 屈服。13 It is not easy to learn English well,but if you_,you will succeed in the end.A)hang up B)hang about C) hang on D)hang onot 选C)。hang up 吊起;hang about留在附近;hang on 坚持下去,紧握不放;hang on to紧紧握住。全句的意思是:学好英语并不

38、容易,但如果你坚持不懈,最终就会成功。 14I didnt know the wordI had to_a dictionaryA)look out B) make out C) refer to D)go over选C)。look out警惕;照料;make out做;了解;refer to查阅,提到,谈到,打听;go over越过;检查。全句的意思是:我不认识这个词,我得查字典。 15The early pioneers had to_many hardships. to settle on the new land.A) go along with B) go back on C)go

39、through D)go into选C)。go along with结伴而行;go beck on 毁约;背叛;gothrough经历,经受.审查;go into从事,讨论。全文意思是:早期的美洲移民不得不经历了许多艰辛才在新大陆上安顿下来。 16. A lorry_Janes cat and sped away. A) ran over B) ran into C) ran through D) ran down 选A)。run over辗过;run into陷人;run through浪费;刺人;run down 诽谤;向下跑(流);(被)耗尽;减少。全句的意思是:一辆卡车碾过一只猫后,加

40、速开走了。 17The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could_. stand up to B)make up for C)come up with D)put up with 选B)。stand up to勇敢地抵抗;make up for补偿;come up with 提出;拿出;put up with忍受;容忍。全句的意思是:对这些财富的破坏是人类的一大损失,这是任何金钱都无法弥补的。18. Then the speaker_the various factor

41、s leading to the present economic crisis.A)went after B)went for C) went into D) put up with选C)。go after追求;go for攻击;尽力想求得;go into从事;讨论;put up with忍受,容忍。全句的意思是:接着讲话者详细阐述了导致目前经济危机的各种因素19 He does nothing that_the interests of the collectiveruns for B)runs against C)runs over D)runs in选B)。本题四个选项的主干动词均是r

42、uns,用法区分主要靠动词后的介词决定。正确答案为选项B),runs against的含义为 “与背道而弛”其含义不难设想出来。难度亦属一般。Runs into“不期而遇”; ran over(车辆)碾过”;run for“竞选”。20Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave_.A) on the spot B) at the spot C)in the spot D)fer tbe spot选A)。全句的意思是:“任何人违反规定将被要求离开。”四个选项均为介词和the spot的组合,测试考生辨认成语on the spot(当场、现场、

43、陷于困境)的能力。五 短语动词主干词与其后跟的副词小品词或介词短语的用法辨析 1.考点分析根据朗曼短语动词词典的说法,短语动词(phrasalverbs)包括三种基本类型。即:动词副词(v.+adv.)型,如look out(注意)动词介词(v.+prep.)型,如look after(照料)动词副词介词(v.+adv.+prep)型,如look forward to(盼望)其他一些动词的固定搭配都作为动词短语看待。对我们这些把英语当作外国语来学的人来说,短语动词是英语中最重要、最难掌握的部分之一,也是考生最感头疼的难点之一。 但也应当明白,这方面的命题难度是有限的,也就是基本不超出大纲词汇部

44、分所附的动词词组表所列词汇的范围。英语短语动词中动词与其附加部分凝结为一体,获得一个新的词义,相当于单个动词的含义。如:use up = consume take in = absorb carry along = convey give off =emit set up = establish rule out = eliminatego beyond = exceed fill up = occupy在做短语动词词义辨析题的时候,一靠平时对所考短语动词含义的掌握情况,二要靠对句子上下文的整体理解。解题思路在理解短语在上下文中的含义时,应当注意短语动词两部分或几个部分词义的相加相当于一个单个

45、动词。但它的这种整体意义并非总是其各部分含义的简单相加,而是通过读者语言的长期运用逐渐演变引申转化而形成的。实际上,一个短语动词的含义往往定于:其动词部分的本来词义;附加于其词后的副词或介词的含义;在上下文中为语言环境所决定的该词的含义。 请看下列各组例句Adversity can bring out a persons bast qualities.(逆境可使人看出一个人最可贵的品质。bring意为“带来”;out意为“出来”) The flowers are coming out in the gardens. (花园中鲜花在怒放。come“来” ; out“出”)The crowd wa

46、s so thick that I had to fight my way out of the theatre(人群拥挤不堪,我奋力地挤才从剧场挤了出来。fight“战斗,奋力”;out“出来”)He was clever enough to turn my question around so that it sounded foolish.(他真够狡猾、竟然把我的问题歪曲得听起来令人可笑。turn“转向”;around“整整一圈,迂回)please turn your radio down,Im trying to sleep.(请你把收音机关小一点,我要睡觉了。turn“旋转;down

47、“向下”)If you stay in the car with engine turning over ,the police carnnot charge you with unlawful parkig(如果你呆在车里让发动机继续转动,警察就无法指责你违章停车。over“再次,反复”) He took off his glasses and wiped them carefully.(他摘下眼镜,细心地将它擦了擦。take off“取下”)为了提高短语动词的运用能力,考生必须多做题,提高语感、并将短语动词与相应单语动词的含义进行比较,以便加深印象。考生需要注意的是:考生对英语的介词性小副词,即所谓的副词小品词理解不透彻。往往拿它们的第一义和第二义去推及构成短语动词各种含义的其他意义。为改变考生这一不利于掌

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