lq沉管灌注桩施工工艺标准.doc

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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流lq沉管灌注桩施工工艺标准.精品文档.沉管灌注桩施工工艺标准1 适用范围 本工艺标准适用于工业与民用建筑采用沉管灌注桩的工程。2 施工准备2.1 原材料要求2.1.1 水泥：用32.5级普通硅酸盐水泥或矿渣硅酸盐水泥。2.1.2 砂：中砂或粗砂，含泥量不大于5%。2.1.3 石子：卵石粒径不大于50mm；碎石粒径不大于40mm；配筋桩石子粒径均不宜大于30mm，并不宜大于钢筋最小净距的1/3。2.1.4 水：用自来水或不含有害物质的洁净水。2.1.5 钢筋：品种和规格按设计要求采用，有出厂合格证及复检报告。2.2 主要机工具2.2.1 锤击打

2、桩设备为一般锤击打桩机，如落锤、柴油锤、蒸汽锤等，由桩架、桩锤、桩管等组成，桩管直径为270-370mm，长8-15m；振动沉桩设备有DZ60或DZ90型振动锤，ZJB25型步履式桩架、卷扬机、加压装置、桩管、桩尖或钢筋混凝土预制等，桩管直径为220-370mm，长10-28m。2.2.2 配套机具设备：有下料斗，1t机动翻斗车，强制式混凝土搅拌机，钢筋加工机械，交流电焊机，氧割装置，50型装载机等。2.3 作业条件2.3.1根据现场的地质资料及设计施工图纸，编制切实可行的施工组织设计。2.3.2施工场地范围内的地面、地下障碍物均已排除或处理。场地已完成三通一平工作，对影响施工机械运行的松软场

3、地已进行适当处理（如铺设矿渣），并有排水措施。2.3.3 施工用水、用电、道路及临时设施均已就绪。2.3.4现场已设置测量基准线，水准基点，并妥加保护，施工前已按施工图纸放出轴线、定位点，并已复核桩位。2.3.5在复杂土层施工时，应事先进行成孔试验，数量一般不小于2个。2.3.6施工前对施工人员进行一次安全培训及技术交底。2.4 作业人员2.4.1 主要作业人员：钻机操作工、钢筋工、混凝土工、焊工、测量工、技术员、电工2.4.2 钻机操作工和电工应持证上岗，其余工种接受安全和技术培训，并进行施工技术交底。3施工工艺3.1 工艺流程将桩尖压入土中 否 是 钢筋检验钢筋笼制作钢筋笼检查是否复打拔管

4、灌注混凝土埋设钢筋笼是否到设计深度桩机就位点位施测沉管成桩，移机下位检验石砂、水泥质量混凝土制作混凝土运输3.2 操作工艺3.2.1 打沉桩机就位时，应垂直、平稳架设在打（沉）桩部位桩锤（振动箱）应对工程桩位同时，在桩架或套管上标出控制深度标记以便在施工中进行套管深度观测。3.2.2 采用活瓣式桩尖时，应先将桩尖活瓣用麻绳或铁丝捆紧合拢，活瓣间隙应紧密。当桩尖对准桩基中心，并核查高速套管垂直度后，利用锤击及套管自重将桩尖压入中。3.2.3采用预制混凝土桩尖时，应先在桩基中心预埋好桩尖，在套管下端与桩尖接触处垫好缓冲材料。桩机就位后，吊起套管，对准桩尖，使套管、桩尖、桩锤在一条垂直线上，利用锤重

5、及套管自重将桩尖压入土中。3.2.4成桩施工顺序一般从中间开始，向两侧边或四周进行，对于群桩基础或桩的中心距小于或等于3.5d（d为桩径）时，应间隔施打，中间空出的桩，须待邻桩混凝土达到设计强度的50%后，方可施打。3.2.5 开始沉管时应轻击慢振。锤击沉管时，可用收紧钢绳加压或加配重的方法提高沉管速率。当水或泥浆有可能进入桩管时，应事先在管内灌入1.5m左右的封底混凝土。3.2.6应按设计要求和试桩情况，严格控制沉管最后贯入度。锤击沉管应测量最后二阵十击贯入度；振动沉管应测量最后两个2min贯入度。3.2.7在沉管过程中，如出现套管快速下沉或套管沉不下去的情况，应及时分析原因，进行处理。如快

6、速下沉是因桩尖穿过硬土层进入软土层引起的，则应继续沉管作业。如沉不下去是因桩尖顶住孤石或遇到硬土层引起的，则应放慢沉管速度（轻锤低击或慢振），待越过障碍后再正常沉管。如仍沉不下去或沉管过深，最后贯入度不能满足设计要求，则应核对地质资料，会同建设单位研究处理。3.2.8钢筋笼的吊放，对通长的钢筋笼在成孔完成后埋设，短钢筋笼可在混凝土灌至设计标高时再埋设，埋设钢筋笼时要对准管孔。垂直缓慢下降。在混凝土桩顶采取构造连接插筋时，必须沿周围对称均匀垂直插入。3.2.9每次向套管内灌注混凝土时，如用长套管成孔短桩，则一次灌足，如成孔长桩，则第一次应尽量灌满。混凝土坍落度宜为6-8cm，配筋混凝土坍落度宜为

7、8-10cm。3.2.10灌注时充盈系数（实际灌注混凝土量与理论计算量之比）应不小于1。一般土质为1.1；软土为1.2-1.3。在施工中可根据不同土质的充盈系数，计算出单桩混凝土需用量，折后成料斗浇灌次数，以核对混凝土实际灌注量。当充盈系数小于1时，应采用全桩复打；对于断桩及缩颈桩可局部复打，即复打超喧断桩或缩颈桩1m以上。3.2.11桩顶混凝土一般宜高出设计标高200mm左右，待以后施工承台时再凿除。如设计有规定，应按设计要求施工。3.2.12 每次拔管高度应以能容纳吊斗一次所灌注混凝土为限，并边拔边灌。在任何情况下，套管内应保持不少于2m高度的混凝土，并按沉管方法不同分别采取不同的方法拔管

8、。在拔管过程中，应有专人用测锤或浮标检查管内混凝土下降情况，一次不应拔得过高。3.2.13 锤击沉管拔管方法是：套管内灌入混凝土后，拔管速度均匀，对一般土层不宜大于1m/min；对软弱土层及软硬土层交界处不宜大于0.8m/min。采用倒打拔管的打击次数，单动汽锤不得少于70次/min；自由落锤轻击（小落距锤击）不得少于50次/min。在管底未拔到桩顶设计标高之前，倒打或轻击不得中断。3.2.14 振动沉管拔管方法可根据地基土具体情况，分别选用单打法或反插法进行。单打法：适用于含水量较小土层。系在套管内灌入混凝土后，再振再拔，如此反复，直至套管全部拔出，在一般土层中拔管速度宜为1.2-1.5m/

9、min，在软弱土层中不宜大于0.8-1.0m/min。反插法：适用于饱和土层。当套管内灌入混凝土后，先振动再开始拔管，每次拔管高度为 0.5-1，反插深度0.3-0.5m ，同时不宜大于活瓣桩尖长度的2/3。拔管过程应分段添加混凝土，保持管内混凝土面始终不低于地表面，或高于地下水位1-1.5m以上。拔管速度控制在0.5m/min以内。在桩尖接近持力层处约1.5m范围内，宜多次反插，以扩大桩底端部面积。当穿对淤泥夹层时，适当放慢拔管速度，减少拔管和反插深度。反插法易使泥浆混入桩内造成夹泥桩，施工中应慎重采用。3.2.15 套管成孔灌注桩施工时，就随时观测桩顶和地面有无水平位移及隆起，必要时应采取

10、措施进行处理。3.2.16 桩身混凝土浇注后有必要复打时，必须在原桩混凝土未初凝前在原桩位上重新安装桩尖，第二次沉管。沉管后每次灌注混凝土应达到自然地面高，不得小灌。拔管过程中应及时清除桩管外壁和地面上的污泥。前后两次沉管的轴线必须重合。4质量标准4.1 灌注桩的平面位置和垂直度的允许偏差灌注桩的桩位偏差必须符合下表的规定，桩顶标高至少要比设计标高高出0.5m，桩底清孔质量按不同的成桩工艺有不同的要求，应按本章要求执行。每浇注50m3必须有1组试件，小于50m3的桩，每根桩必须有1组试件。灌注桩的平面位置和垂直度的允许偏差序号成孔方法桩径允许偏差（mm）垂直度允许偏差（%）桩位允许偏差（mm）

11、1-3根、单排桩基垂直于中心线方向和群桩基础的边桩条形桩基沿中心线方向和桩基础的中间桩1泥浆护壁钻孔桩D1000mm501D/6，且不大于100D/4，且不大于150D500mm501000.01H1500.01H2套管成孔灌注桩D1000mm-20170150D500mm1001503干成孔灌注桩-201701504人工挖孔法混凝土护壁500.550150钢套管护壁501100200备注：1、桩径允许偏差的负值是指个别断面。2、采用复打、反插法施工的桩，其桩径允许偏差不受上表限制。3、H为施工现场地面标高与桩顶设计标高的距离，D为设计桩径。4.2 灌注桩的钢筋笼质量检验标准（mm）4.2.1

12、施工前应对水泥、砂、石子（如现场搅拌）、钢材等原材料进行检查，对施工组织设计中制定的施工顺序、监测手段（包括仪器方法）也检查。4.2.2施工中应对成孔、清渣、放置钢筋笼、灌注混凝土等进行全过程检查，人工挖孔桩尚应复验孔底持力层（岩）性。嵌岩桩必须有持力层的岩性报告。4.2.3施工结束后，应检查混凝土强度，并应做桩体质量及承载力的检验。4.2.4混凝土灌注桩的质量检验标准应符合下表规定灌注桩的钢筋笼质量检验标准（mm）项序检查项目允许偏差或允许值检查方法主控项目1主筋间距10用钢尺量2长度100用钢尺量一般项目1钢筋板质检验设计要求抽样送检2箍筋间距20用钢尺量3直径10用钢尺量4.3 混凝土灌

13、注桩质量检验标准混凝土灌注桩质量检验标准项序检 查 项 目允许偏差或允许值检 查 方 法主控项目1桩位第4.1条基坑开挖前量护筒，开挖后量桩中心2孔深(mm)+300只深不浅，用重锤测，或测钻杆、套管长度，嵌岩桩应确保进入设计要求的嵌岩深度3桩体质量检验设计要求按基桩检测技术规范4混凝土强度设计要求试件报告或钻芯取样送检5承载力设计要求按基桩检测技术规范一般项目1垂直度第4.1条 测套管或钻杆，或用超声波探测，干施工时吊垂球2桩径第4.1条井径仪或超声波检测，干施工时用钢尺量，人工挖孔桩不包括内衬厚度3泥浆比重（粘土或砂性土中）1.151.20用比重计 测，清孔后在距孔底50cm处取样4泥浆面

14、标高（高于地下水位）（m）0.51.0目测5沉渣厚度：端承桩（mm）磨擦桩（mm）50150用沉渣仪或重锤测量6混凝土坍落度：水下灌注（mm）干施工（mm）16022070100坍落度仪7钢筋笼安装深度（mm）100用钢尺量8混凝土充盈系数1检查每根桩的实际灌注量9桩顶标高（mm）+30，-50水准仪，需扣除桩顶浮浆层及劣质桩体垂直桩基中心线12根桩d500mm时,70,d500mm时,100拉线和尺量检查单排桩群桩基础的边桩沿桩基中心线条形基础的桩d500mm时,150d500mm时,150拉线和尺量检查注：d 为桩的直径，H 为桩长群桩基础的中间桩4.4特殊工艺关键控制点控制特殊工艺关键控

15、制点控制序号关键控制点控 制 措 施1成孔随时控制泥浆比重，确保不塌孔2砼配置用强制式搅拌机自动下料，及时测试塌落度等指标3砼浇注导管底部至孔底的距离为300500mm，导管底端应始终埋人混凝土中 0.81.3m ，导管的第一节底管长度应4m，浇注连续4.5质量记录4.5.1水泥出厂合格证及复检报告4.5.2钢筋出厂合格证以及原材、焊件检验报告4.5.3石子、砂的检验报告，焊件合格证4.5.4试桩的试压记录4.5.5灌注桩施工记录4.5.6混凝土试配中清单和试验室签发的配含比通知单4.5.7混凝土试块28d标养抗压强度试验报告4.5.8桩位平面布置图4.5.9各工序取样见证记录5应注意的质量问

16、题5.0.1 混凝土受冻冬季施工，当气温低于0时，桩灌注混凝土要采取保温措施，拌和水要加热，混凝土入模温度不应低于50。桩顶要保盖保温，防止受冻。5.0.2 含水量过大雨期施工，当砂、石含水量增大时，应按现场实测数据随时调整混凝土配合比中的加水量。同时要注意测定地下水位的变化，决定是否进行封底防水。特别要注意与回填层接触的软弱土层，在地表水的浸泡下，会变成软塑状态，在此段应进行反插，防止发生缩颈。5.0.3 砼初凝时间短 夏季施工当气温高于30时,混凝土应掺加缓凝剂.如混凝土停放时间过长,应返回搅拌机,再与一定量的按水灰比的配料进行搅拌均匀后,才能继续使用。5.0.4 缩颈桩灌注混凝土时，如出

17、现缩颈，扩散压力不够；或由于混凝土坍落度过小，和易性不好，混凝土不能很快扩散；或局部受到桩周土回缩挤压作用。预防措施主要是要严格注意控制拔管速度；在软土层孔段采取反插；在拔管时一定要使管内混凝土面始终高于自然地面0.2m以上；反插时要添加混凝土，混凝土坍落度要严格控制在8-10cm。5.0.5 蜂窝、狗洞施工中如桩体出现蜂窝、狗洞，桩头松散等质量通病，其主要原因是混凝土未按配合比计量、均匀搅拌，或石子级配不好，或坍落度过大，或振拔沉管时未按停拔振动要求操作。5.0.6 悬桩施工中如出现悬桩，主要是地下水渗入桩管，使桩底出现一松软层。一般预防措施是：在有水位地层施工，尽量不使用活瓣桩尖；增加桩管

18、内封底混凝土量；检查桩管端部有无裂缝或缺口，如有裂缝或缺口，必须处理好后再沉管。6成品保护6.0.1 对于中心距小于3.5倍桩径的群桩基础，采用沉管法成孔时，应采用间隔施工，以避免影响已灌注混凝土的相邻桩质量。6.0.2 承台施工时，在凿除高出设计标高的桩顶混凝土时，必须自上而下凿，不能横凿，以免桩受水平力冲击遭到破坏。6.0.3 施工完毕进行基础开挖时，应制定合理的开挖方案和技术措施，防止桩的位移和倾斜。6.0.4桩头外留的全筋应妥善保护，不得任意弯折或压断。6.0.5冬期施工在桩顶混凝土未达到设计强度前，应进行保温护盖，防止受冻。7 安全健康与环境管理:7.1 施工过程危害及控制措施施工过

19、程危害及控制措施序号作业活动危险源控 制 措 施1现场管理人员伤害禁止无关人员进入现场，打沉套管应有专人指挥2桩机操作机械损坏桩机操作人员应了解桩机性能、构造，并熟悉操作保养方法，方能操作3桩架装拆高空坠落在桩架上装拆维修机件进行高空作业时，必须系安全带4桩机行走触电桩机行走时，应先清理地面上的障碍物和挪动电缆，挪动电缆应戴绝缘手套，注意防止电缆摩损漏电5混凝土搅拌和钢筋笼制作混凝土搅拌和钢筋笼制作人员作好全面安全防护6振动沉管挤压振动沉管时，若用收紧钢丝绳加压，应根据桩管沉入度，随时调整离合器，防止抬起桩架，发生事故。锤击沉管时，严禁用手扶正桩尖垫料。不得在桩锤未打到管顶就起锤或过早刹车7桩

20、机站立牢固桩机倾倒施工过程中如遇大风，应将桩管插入地下嵌固，以确保桩机安全8人员均戴安全帽高空坠物所有施工人员均戴安全帽，并进行安全教育7.2 环境因素辩识及控制措施环境因素辩识及控制措施序号作业活动环 境 因 素控 制 措 施1混凝土的搅拌污水排放设沉淀池,清污分流2砂石料进场、垃圾出场扬尘砂石运输表面覆盖建筑垃圾运输表面覆盖道路要经常维护和洒水，防止造成粉尘污染3现场清理建筑垃圾施工现场应设合格的卫生环保设施，施工垃圾集中分类堆放，严禁垃圾随意堆放和抛撒4机械使用废油施工现场使用和维修机械时，应有防滴漏措施，严禁将机油等滴漏于地表，造成土地污染（英文版 ） Two regulations

21、promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives

22、. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge,

23、 draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fund

24、amental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessit

25、y and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of

26、 the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a

27、 focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen

28、years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly

29、 administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, n

30、o autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle

31、of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the compre

32、hensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the aut

33、hority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revis

34、ing, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Chin

35、a attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Co

36、mmission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies

37、the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is

38、 mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the province

39、s (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline I

40、nspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft.

41、On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the part

42、ys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based o

43、n the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maint

44、aining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary

45、 Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up