2022年法律英语单词.pdf

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1、学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料仅供参考！欢迎参与词条建设！Book 1, unit 1 Reading: Bodies of law common law 习惯法 , 普通法，判例法 based on customs civil law 成文法，大陆法，民法criminal law 刑法 deal with crimes codify 编纂code 法典disputes 争执，纠纷Types of law bill 议案；法案 .a formal statement of a proposed new law that is discussed and then voted on reg

2、ulation 规章 carry out the intent of the law ordinance （地方）条例 enacted by a town,city or country government directive 指令 （如：欧盟指令） establish policies statutes 成文法 formal written law 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料prov

3、ision 规章、条例article chapter clause Speaking1 : Explaining what a law says stipulate 规定provide 语气弱于 stipulates specify 明确规定Types of courts appellate court 受理上诉法院 review cases heard in a lower court crown court 刑事法庭 hear serious criminal cases high court 高等法院 the highest court in a jurisdiction supreme

4、 court 最高法院juvenile court 青少年法庭 try a person under the age of 18 lower court 下级法庭 hear a case for the first time magistrates court 地方法院，地方治安法庭 small crimes are tried in the UK moot court 模拟法庭 students argue hypothetical cases small-claims court 小额补偿诉讼法院 limit amount of money tribunal 特别法庭，专门法庭 legal

5、 problems of a particular type Speaking2: Civil court systems expert witness 专家证人 a person who has specialised knowledge of a particular subject 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料appellant 上诉人 appeals a decision to a

6、 higher court advocate 诉讼律师 plead cases in court Listening: Documents in court affidavit 法庭宣誓 , 口供 swear officially to tell the truth injunction 禁令 stop sb doing something writ 传票 involved sb in a legal process pleading 诉讼；诉讼文件 set forth the cause of action client 诉讼当事人，委托人Book 1,Unit 2 Reading: Leg

7、aleducation - a call to the Bar the Bar 1. 大律师职业（可出席高等法庭）（尤指资格） the profession of barrister 2.律师职业 the profession of any kind of lawyer disbar 取消（某人）的律师资格 to stop a lawyer from working in the legal profession,especially because he or she has done sth illegal LLB Legum Baccalaureus法学学士vocational 职业的，

8、职业技术的barrister 大律师，出庭律师，辩护律师( 在英国有资格出席上级法庭进行辩护) a lawyer in Britain who has the right to argue cases in the higher courts of law Inns of Court 律师学院（尤指英国伦敦四个培养律师的组织）(in England) the four private unincorporated societies in London that function as a law school and have the exclusive privilege of calli

9、ng candidates to the English bar.They are Lincolns Inn,Inner Temple,Middle Temple.Grays Inn Bar Vocational Course 法律职业课程精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料call to the bar 获得律师资格 allowed to work as a qualified barriste

10、r pupillage 1. 大律师见习期 a period during which a lawyer trains to become a barrister by studying with a qualified barriser 2.大律师实习制度 3. 学生时期（尤指接受某人教育） a period during which you are a student,especially when you are being taught by a particular person apprenticeship 1. 学徒期 a period of time working as an

11、 apprentice 2.学徒工作 a job as an apprentice barristers chambers 大律师事务所solicitor 1. 事务律师，诉状律师（代拟法律文书、提供法律咨询等的一般辩护律师） a lawyer who prepares legal documents, for example for the sale of land or buildings,advises people on legal matters,and can speak for them in some courts of law 2.推销员 a person whose job

12、 is to visit or telephone people and try to sell them sth 3.(城镇或政府部门负责法律事务的) 法务官 the most senior legal officer of a city,town or government department Legal Practice Course(LPC) 法律实践课程trainee solicitor 实习律师law school 法学院juris doctor(J.D) 法律博士（美）基础的法律学位，专供非法学毕业的本科毕业生修读，毕业生可以申请入读专业法律证书（P.C.LL. ）以图取得香港

13、律师资格，香港中文大学和香港城市大学均设有此课程，2009 年起香港大学亦开办此课程。bar examination 律师资格考试 in the USA,an important test taken by law-school graduates which,when passed,qualifies a person to practise law liaison 1. 联络；联系 a relationship between two organizations or different departments in an organization,involving the exchan

14、ge of information or ideas 2.联络员；联系人精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料counsel 1. 法律顾问；律师 a lawyer or group of lawyers representing sb in court 2.劝告，建议 advice,especially given by older people or experts Listening Asso

15、ciate 合伙人，同事，朋友 2. 准会员 adj.合伙的，共事的，有关连的Full Partner （法律）无限责任合伙人Paralegal n. 法律事务助理 adj.辅助律师业务的Real Property n. 不动产，房地产Salaried Partner （法律）受薪合伙人litigation n. 诉讼；打官司the process of making or defending a claim in a court of law practitioner n. 从业人员（尤指医学或法律界的）a person who works in a profession;n习艺者，专门人才

16、a person who regularly does a particular activity,especially one that requires skill transaction n. 交易，业务，买卖a piece of business that is done between people,especially an act of buying or selling ; n.办理，处理 the process of doing sth trade-mark 商标 a name,symbol or design that a company uses for its prod

17、ucts and that cannot be used by anyone else;n.特征，标记 a special way of behaving or dressing that is typical of ab and that makes them easily recognized infringement 侵犯权益 to limit abs legal rightsn.触犯法规to break a law or rule ; landlord n. 房东，地主a man from whom you rent a room,a house,etc;n.店主，老板 a man w

18、ho owns or manages a pub or a guest house tenant n. 房客，租户，佃户a person who pays rent for the use of a room,building,land etc;v.（作为租赁者）居住，工作to live or work in a place as a tenant 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料Langua

19、ge Focus barrister 出庭律师 a lawyerwho is admitted to plead at the bar and argue cases in superior courts. attorney 1. 代理人 , 法律事务代理人 a legal agent 2. 律师 a lawyer in-house counsel 法律顾问 lawyer suppling advices for corparaton solicitor 1. 事务律师 ( 英）lawyer who consults with clients and prepare documents but

20、 is not heard in High Court2.(美) 首席法务官main legal officel of the government corporate lawyer 法务 Setting up a business venture for the company defence laywer 辩护律师 a lawyer of a defendant government lawyer 政府律师 lawyer work for government patent lawyer 专利律师 a lawyer who drafts and prosecutes patent appl

21、ications and represents inventors in infringement suits and interference hearings tax lawyer 税务律师 lawyer helping with tax issues trial lawyer 出庭辩护律师 defence for the defendant on the court Unit 3 Reading: Introduction to constitutional law US Constitution 美国宪法article 1. （报纸、杂志的）文章 a piece of writing；

22、 2. 物品； 物件 object;3.正品；真货 the genuine article;4.(契约、文件的 ) 条款、条文、项目 a section of a formal agreement or document;5.见习契约 Someone who is in articles is being trained as a lawyer or accountant by a firm with whom they have a written agreement;6. 冠词amendment 1.( 法令或法规的 ) 修正条款，修正案a section that is added to

23、 a law or rule in order to change it;2.修改，修订 a change is 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料made to a piece of writing. bill of rights 权利法案judicial review 司法审查、复审review by a court of law of actions of a government off

24、icial or entity or of so me other legally appointed person or body or the review by an appellate court of the decision of a trial court due process 正当程序，正当法律程序, 法定诉讼程序the administration of justice according to establish rules and principles separation of powers 政权分离division of powers （中央及地方的）分权check

25、s and balances （政府机关彼此之间的）相互制衡limited government 有限政府source 1. 来源；产地； 2. 寻找（产品或货源的）货源；3. 消息来源；消息人士；（论文中引文的）出处、原始资料 a person or book that provides information for a news story or for a piece of research.4.(困难的 ) 根源、原因 a difficultys cause.5.（河流的）源头precedent 前例、先例 If there is a precedent for an action

26、or event, it has happended before, and this can be regarded as an argument for doing it again issue 1. 重要问题；议题；争论的问题 an important subject;2.首要事项；要点；问题的要害；3. （报刊的）期，号，版次the version of magazine or newspaper;4.发表，发布。 make a statement or a warning known formally or publicly;5.向.颁发；（正式）发给； 6. （液体声音气味）流出、

27、发出、冒出issues from=comes out of 7.争论中的，讨论中的at issus=being argued about;8.使.引起关注；在 .上跳起争论make an issue of something;9.不同意；对 .持争议 take issue with someone or something=disagree with them;10. 在.方面有困难have issues with=have problems connected with 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - -

28、 - - -第 7 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料state constitution 州宪法mundane subjects 平凡的人Key terms:Principles of the constitutional law（BY 陈宁怡2012301180） separation of powers 1. 分权。即将政府机构一分为三：立法、行政和司法。每一个分支都有特定的职责范围，任何其他分支不得侵犯。 2. 分权与制衡原则。美国宪法所确立的一项原则。依布兰迪斯（Brandeis ）大法官所言，这一原则在1787 年制宪会议

29、上采纳，其目的不在于提高政府效率，而在于保护人民免受暴政或独裁专制之苦。division of powers （联邦宪法规定的联邦和州之间的政府权力划分）；分权checks and balances 制衡原则； 制约与平衡原则。 之每一政府部门皆具有对抗其他任何部门行为的能力， 从而不致出现任何单一部门操纵整个政府的权力和职能的理论。如在美国，行政部门可通过行使否决权veto power 制约立法机关； 而只要达到充分多数，立法机关则可推翻任一否决。limited government 有限政府Unit 4 Company Law legal entity 法律实体legal person 法

30、人 Legal persons are of two kinds: natural persons people and juridical persons groups of people, such as corporations, which are treated by law as if they were persons. While people acquire legal personhood when they are born, judicial persons do so when they are incorporated in accordance with law.

31、 personal liability 法律责任 The legal bound obligation to pay debts.In law, a person is legally liable when they are financially and legally responsible for something. corporate veil 公司屏障 (保护持股人免受独家业主造成的企业破产所带来的损失) Its purpose lies in the fact that under the special circumstance of law, the creditor ca

32、n investigate control 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料shareholders legal liabilities through the “corporate veil ”to make creditor gain more forceful protection. certificate of incorporation 公司注册证书 登记执照 ，a signed s

33、tatement by the Registrar of Companies that a company is duly incorporated board of directors 董事会 A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of a company or organization. Other names include board of governors, board of managers, board of regent

34、s, board of trustees, and board of visitors. It is often simply referred to as the board. memorandum of association 公司章程 A legal document setting up a corporation either with or without limited liability and including the companys name, purpose, and duration. duty of care 谨慎责任 a requirement that a p

35、erson act toward others and the public with watchfulness, attention, caution and prudence that a reasonable person in the circumstances would. If a persons actions do not meet this standard of care, then the acts are considered negligent, and any damages resulting may be claimed in a lawsuit for neg

36、ligence. company formation 成立公司 Company formation is the term for the process of incorporation of a business in the UK. It is also sometimes referred to as company registration. These terms are both also used when incorporating a business in the Republic of Ireland. Under UK company law and most int

37、ernational law a company or corporation is considered to be an entity that is separate from the people who own or operate the company. bonus 奖金 A premium paid in addition to what is due or expected liquidation 清偿；结算；清算； 1. The act of determining by agreement or by litigation the exact amount of some

38、thing (as a debt or damages) that before was uncertain. 2. The act of settling a debt by payment or other satisfaction. 3. The act or process of converting assets into cash, esp. to settle debts. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料

39、收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料legal entity 法律实体certificate of incorporation 公司注册证 登记执照 ，法人认可证，公司章程; A certificate of incorporation is a legal document relating to the formation of a company or corporation. It is a license to form a corporation issued by state government. Its precise meaning depends upon the legal s

40、ystem in which it is used. statutory form 法定形式As for the application materials that are complete and consistent with the statutory forms or that have been supplemented by the applicant in light of the relevant requirements, it shall acceptthem. memorandum of association 公司章程，公会规约; The memorandum of

41、association of a company, often simply called the memorandum (and then often capitalised as an abbreviation for the official name, which is a proper noun and usually includes other words), is the document that governs the relationship between the company and the outside. It is one of the documents r

42、equired to incorporate a company in the United Kingdom, Ireland, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, and is also used in many of the common law jurisdictions of the Commonwealth. authorized capital 法定资本，额定资本，认可资本; nominal capital 名义资本The par value of shares of stock a corporation has issued.

43、articles of association 公司章程 执照 ; In corporate governance, a companys articles of association is a document which, along with the memorandum of association form the companys constitution, defines the responsibilities of the directors, the kind of business to be undertaken, and the means by which the

44、 shareholders exert control over the board of directors. bylaw 内部规章制度，次要法规，（社、团制定的）规章制度; The official rules and regulations which govern a 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料corporations management. Drawn up at the t

45、ime of incorporation, along with the charter. extraordinary gengral meeting 特别大会An extraordinary general meeting, commonly abbreviated as EGM, is a meeting of members of an organisation, shareholders of a company, or employees of an official body, which occurs at an irregular time. The term is usual

46、ly used where the group would ordinarily hold an annual general meeting (AGM), but where an issue arises which requires the input of the entire membership and is too serious or urgent to wait until the next AGM. Members and/or shareholders must be informed of the purpose of the EGM so that they may

47、attend in a position where they can discuss and exercise intelligent judgment, otherwise any resolutions passed are invalid. annual general meeting (AGM) 年度（股东）大会，周年股东大会An annual general meeting (commonly abbreviated as AGM, also known as the annual meeting) is a meeting that official bodies, and as

48、sociations involving the general public (including companies with shareholders), are often required by law (or the constitution, charter, by-laws etc. governing the body) to hold. An AGM is held every year to elect the board of directors and inform their members of previous and future activities. It

49、 is an opportunity for the shareholders and partners to receive copies of the companys accounts as well as reviewing fiscal information for the past year and asking any questions regarding the directions the business will take in the future. board of director 董事会A board of directors is a body of ele

50、cted or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of a company or organization. duty of care 注意义务fiduciary duty 诚信义务conflict of interest 利益冲突精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料balance sheet 资产负债表profit-and