2022年初中英语名词练习题及详解.pdf

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1、学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料名词判断对错1、 误 Please give me a paper. 正 Please give me a piece of paper. 析不要认为可以数的名词就是可数名词，这种原因是对英语中可数与不可数名词的概念与中文中的能数与不能数相混淆了，所以造成了这样的错误，因paper在英语中是属于物质名词一类，是不可数名词。而不可数名词要表达数量时，要用与之相关的量词来表达，如：two pieces of paper. 2、 误 Please give me two letter papers. 正 Please give me two pieces of l

2、etter paper. 析 paper作为纸讲是不可数名词，而作为报纸、 考卷、 文章讲时则是可数名词，如：Each student should write a paper on what he has learnt. 3、 误 My glasses is broken. 正 My glasses are broken. 4、 误 I want to buy two shoes. 正 I want to buy two pairs of shoes. 析英语中glasses眼镜， shoes鞋， trousers裤子等由两部分组成的名词一般要用复数形式。如果要表示一副眼镜应用a pair

3、of glasses而这时的谓语动词应与量词相一致。如：5、This pair of glasses is very good. 误 May I borrow two radioes? 正 May I borrow two radios? 析以o 结尾的名词大都是用加es来表示其复数形式，但如果o 前面是一个元音字母或外来语时则只加s就可以了。这样的词有zoozoos,pianopianos. 6、 误 This is a Marys dictionary. 正 This is Marys dictionary. 析如名词前有指示代词this, that, these those,及其他修饰词

4、our,some, every, which, 或所有格时，则不要再加冠词。7、 误 There are much people in the garden. 正 There are many people in the garden. 析 可数名词前应用many, few, a few, a lot of 来修饰， 而 people 是可数名词， 而且是复数名词，如： The people are planting trees here. 8、 误 I want a few water. 正 I want a little water. 析不可数名词前可以用a little, little,

5、 a lot of, some来修饰，但不可用many,few 来修饰。9、 误 Thank you very much. Your family is very kind to me. 正 Thank you very much. Your family are very kind to me. 10、 误 Toms and Marys family are waiting for us. 正 Toms and Marys families are waiting for us. 11、 误 Im sorry. I have to go. Toms families are waiting

6、for me. 正 Im sorry. I have to go. Toms family are waiting for me. 析 集合名词如果指某个集合的整体，则应视为单数， 如指某个集合体中的个体则应视为复数。如 :My family is a big family. When I came in, Toms family were watching TV. 即汤姆一家人正在看电视。这样的集合名词有：family class, team 等。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，

7、共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料12、 误 Dont eat too much meats. 正 Dont eat too much meat. 13、 误 Food in that restaurant is very good. 正 The food in that restaurant is very good. 析物质名词是不可数名词，在使用中不可以加s，即它没有复数形式。也不可加不定冠词。但如果用于特指某一物质时可以加定冠词。如：I dont like drinking coffee, but the coffee in tha

8、t cup is really good. 14、 误 Please give me two waters. 正 Please give me two glasses of water. 正 Please give me two coffees. two cups of tea,two glasses of water,a glass of milk,a loaf of bread, a piece of bread,a box of sugar, a bowl of rice,a bottle of orange, a bag of earth Ill tell you a piece of

9、 good news. 但只有 coffee 可以用 coffees 来取代 many cups of coffee. 15、 误 Can you give me the newspaper of today? 正 Can you give me todays newspaper? 析加 s构成所有格的名词一般应指有生命的人或物。如：Marys hair，但在英文的习惯用法中对时间、距离等名词的所有格多用s 来构成而不用of 结构。如： a five minutes walk. 16、 误 Please make a room for the lady in the school bus. 正

10、 Please make room for the lady in the school bus. 析英语中更多的名词是含有多种用法和多种含意的，如： room 为可数名词时为“房间”，如：I live in Room 5. 而 room 为抽象名词时为空间上面一句话应译为 “请给老妇人在校车上留个地方。” 这样的词还有： glass 玻璃 glasses 眼镜 stone 石头 a stone 一块石头 time 时间 two times 两次 wood 木头 woods 树林17、 误 There is a flowers garden behind my house. 正 There i

11、s a flower garden behind my house. 析名词除了在句中作主语、宾语、表语外，还可以用来修饰另一个名词，这时作修饰词的名词一般要用单数形式，如：shoe factory (鞋厂 ),post office( 邮局 ),evening paper (晚报 ),night school (夜校 ),head master (校长 ),a law school (法律学院 )。但也有例外，如:a goods train(货车),sports meeting ( 运动会 )。18、 误 My mother bought two fishes for supper this

12、 morning. 正 My mother bought two fish for supper this morning. 析英语中有些名词单复同形，如：fish, deer, sheep, Chinese ( 中国人 ), means (方法 )。所以应讲 one fish, two fish, one Chinese, two Chinese. 如果讲 There are five fishes in the pool. 应译为池中有五种鱼而不是五条鱼。19、 误 Mary expressed her thank to her boy friend. 正 Mary expressed h

13、er thanks to her boy friend. 析英语中有些名词只有复数形式，如：thanks, greens， 而有些词单数形式与复数形式有不同的词意。如:clothes 为衣服，而cloth 则是布，sand 沙子，而sands是沙滩。20、 误 I offered my son my congratulation on his success. 正 I offered my son my congratulations on his success. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - -

14、- -第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料析英语中表示祝贺的词虽有单数形式，但一般要用其复数形式。如握手为shake hands. 21、 误 We have five German in this meeting. 正 We have five Germans in this meeting. 析 英国人 Englishman 的复数形式为Englishmen，而 German 则要加 s，因为它不是由国名与 man 的组合词。22、 误 There are two As in this word. 正 There are tw

15、o As in this word. 析在大写字母缩写形式的复数表达法中应加s，但如字母是A、I 时，为了防止与As 和Is 相混，则要用 s即 As，Is 23、 误 There are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number. 正 There are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number. 析在小写字母与数字的复数形式表达法中要用s 24、 误 We have many woman teachers in our school. 正 We have many women teachers in o

16、ur school. 析一般组合名词变为复数形式时只将词中心词变half brother half brothers( 同父异母或同母异父的兄弟)daughter in law daughtersin law,(儿媳 )但要注意的是：man driver men drivers( 男司机 ) woman doctor women doctors( 女大夫)grown up grown ups( 成年人 ) 但是 boy student则变为boy students 25、 误 Physics are very difficult to learn. 正 Physics is very diff

17、icult to learn. 析虽以s 结尾但只能用作单数名词有：科学，学科名字：Physics. Mathematics politics游戏名称： bowls 专有名称： Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布) 其他名词： news(消息，新闻 ) 26、 误 There is a people in the room. 正 There is a person in the room. 正 There is a man in the room. 析 people 是复数名词，不可用作单数， 如要用来讲一个人时应用a person, a man, a woman。同样的词有police

18、.要讲一个警察时则要用a policeman, a policewoman 。27、 误 Where is my shoe? 正 Where are my shoes? 析常常只用作复数形式的词有trousers, pants, shorts(短裤 )，socks(袜子 ),shoes, gloves(手套)。 但如果只找其中的一个则要指明，这时还是应用单数形式。如：Wheres my left glove?( 我左手的手套在哪?) 28、 误 I paid five pennies for the sweet. 正 I paid five pence for the sweet. 析英语中便

19、士有两个复数形式pence 用来表达一定数量的钱。而pennies 是指一个个的硬币，如： I want to change this note for pennies. 我想把这纸币换成硬币。(即一便士一个的硬币)。29、 误 There are many fruit in the shop. 正 There are many fruits in the shop. 析 物质名词为不可数名词，但是用来表示种类时则可以用作可数名词，这里应译为各种30、 误 There is a new car. It is Jones and Marys. 正 There is a new car. It i

20、s Jone and Marys. 析有生命名词的所有格，如果是单数名词则加s 如： Marys car.如果是以s 结尾的复数精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料名词则只在s 后面加 如：teachers offices.如果是复数名词但不是以s 结尾， 则只加 s，如：childrens palace 组合名词的所有格是在最后一个词尾加s 如： girl friend girl friends

21、someone else someone elses a week or three a week or threes 如名词后有同位语时，则应加在同位语的词尾上，如：It is my girl friend, Marys car.要注意的是当两个名词并列时，如表示归两人共同所有，则在最后一个名词后面加s，如果表示分别所有则在两个名词后分别加s，如：This is Mary and Jones home. 即 Mary 与 Jone是一家人。 这是他们共同的家。而 These are Marys and Jones homes.则应译为这里是Mary 的家与 Jone 的家。31、 误 It

22、is really beautiful. It is a work of nature. 正 It is really beautiful. It is a Natures work. 析无生命名词的所有格应用of 结构。但是 s 形式的所有格可用于以下无生命的名词：表示时间的词：todays newspaper, a twenty minutes walk, an hours, rest 表示长度的词：three metres distance, a boats length， twenty miles journey 表示重量的名词：two pounds weight价格名词： two d

23、ollarsworth 拟人化的名词：Natures work, natures lesson(大自然的教训)及国家、机关、团体、城市等机构性名词：the universitys library 32、 误 He is an old friend of my father. 正 He is an old friend of my fathers. 析这是英语中的一种习惯用法而不要根据语法去推理。如：This pen is Toms. 33、 误 My father is a good cooker. 正 My father is a good cook. 析一般动词加上er 后则转意为执行该动

24、作的执行者，如:teach(教 )teacher(老师 ),think( 想)thinker( 思想家 ),drive( 开车 )driver( 司机 ),sell(卖)seller(卖物者 )但不能总是以此类推，比如 cook 是动词“做饭” 。而 cook 也可作为名词“厨师”讲，而cooker 则为厨具，餐具，即锅、碗、勺等做饭用具。34、 误 The young is dancing there. 正 The young are dancing there. 析英文中用定冠词加上形容词表示一类人时应按复数名词，如：the rich 富人，the poor(穷人),the wise 聪明

25、人，但如果用定冠词加形容词来表示事物则要用作单数名词，如：The beautiful is still here. 美丽的风景依旧。35、 误 The stories of the book was written many years ago. 正 The stories of the book were written many years ago. 析这句话的真正主语应是stories，所以应用复数谓语动词。36、 误 This is one of the EnglishChinese dictionary. 正 This is one of the EnglishChinese dic

26、tionaries. 析 one of 意为“之一” ，of 后面的名词要用复数形式。37、 误 Lets go to uncle Wang for supper. 正 Lets go to uncle Wangs for supper. 析 uncle Wangs 意为“王叔叔家” ，doctors 意为“医院或私人诊所”。38、 误 I think we will make a friend with each other. 正 I think we will make friends with each other. 析 make friends 为习惯用法，即交朋友。39、 误 I w

27、ant to tell you much pieces of good news. 正 I want to tell you many pieces of good news. 析 news为不可数名词，但加了量词之后则要用many 来修饰量词，因量词是可数名词，或可以说 I want to tell you some good news.因 some 即可用在可数名词前，也可用在不可数精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集

28、于网络，仅供参考学习资料名词前作形容词，如：I want to tell you some pieces of good news. 40、 误 The teacher with five students are coming here. 正 The teacher with five students is coming here. 析要注意由with 引出的介词短语不是本句的主语，这与连词and 有很大的区别，如：The teacher and five students are coming here. 这里由介词引出的短语仅仅是teacher的修饰语。41、 误 There are

29、a lot of information here, but we dont need them. 正 There is a lot of information here, but we dont need it. 析 information 为不可数名词，而用作代替它的词要用it 而不能用them. 42、 误 Many a student make the same mistake in the exam. 正 Many a student makes the same mistake in the exam. 析 many a 加可数名词单数，作主语时其谓语动词应用单数形式，但其意为许

30、多学生。43、 误 The children wear very good cloth to go to school today. 正 The children wear very good clothes to go to school today. 析英文中cloth,clothes,clothing 是易混之词： cloth 是物质名词，意为“布” ，没有复数形式，而 clothing 是指衣物的总称，也没有复数形式。clothes 是指衣服， 但没有单数形式，如：This clothing is needed in warm countries. Her clothes are ma

31、de of fine cloth.英文中的 dress则指较正规的服装，如：a school dress 校服， an evening dress晚礼服。44、 误 I like to study the English. 正 I like to study English. 析作为一种学科名词前不要用冠词，而作为某一特指学科则要加冠词，如：I like to study history. I like to study the history of America. 45、 误 The Browns is going to visit China. 正 The Browns are goin

32、g to visit China. 析定冠词加姓加s，则意为“ Brown 先生一家人” 。所以应用复数谓语动词。此句应译为： Brown 先生一家将要访问中国。(三) 例题解析1. Lucy and Lily in the same class. A. am B. is C. are D. be 答案 C. 析由 and连接两个单数名词作主语时应按复数名词来搭配谓语动词。2. Which is the to the bus stop， please? A road B way C street D address 答案 B. 析这是考察同意词辨析，road 是指较宽阔的大道，意为“乡间公路”

33、，而 street 意为道路两边的建筑物较高，可视为街道之意，而way 则多为要到达某地所要经过的途径，还可引深为方式、 方法。而 address则为 “地址”。如：There is a car running along the country road. I live at 105 Park street. Can you show me the way to the National Museum? 3. Hurry up!There is time left. A little B a little C few D a few 答案 A. 析因 time 作为时间讲为不可数名词，所以不

34、可用few，a few 来修饰。另外，英文的表达法与中文不同，中文讲，快点，时间不多了，而英文要讲，快点，没时间了。因此，要用little 而不用 a little. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料4. How many can you see in the picture? A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato 答案 B. 析用 How man

35、y 提问时，其名词要用复数形式，而tomato 的复数要加es. 5. is the meat. Please? Ten yuan a kilo. A How much B How many C How old D How long 答案 A. 析 由对话的答语可看出其问句问的是价格。钱数作为整体、价格讲时，不论其值是多少都是不可数名词，要用how much 提问。6 The boys name is James Allen Green. So his given name is . A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green A

36、. 析 英文的习惯与中文不同，中文是姓在前名字在后，而英文则是姓在最后，其第一个名字是由父母所起的，中间的名字可能是父母、教父所起的，但都可称作given name,而姓在英文中是 family name. 7 Shanghai is one of the biggest in our country. A city B citys C citys D cities D. 析 复音字母以y 结尾的单词的复数形式要把y 变成 i 再加 es。one of 加名词的结构中的名词应用复数。8 Would you please pass me ? A two paper B two papers C

37、two pieces of paper D two pieces of papers C. 析 paper 是不可数名词，如讲一张、两张纸时，要用量词piece. 9 September 10th is Day. A Teacher B Teachers C Teachers D Teachers D. 10 I only have bread for lunch today. A a bit B a bit of C little D few 答案 B. 11 “What would you like, Ann? ” “Id like two .”A glass of milk B glas

38、ses of milk C glass of milks D glasses of milks B. 12 There isnt paper in the box. Will you go and get for me? A any, some B any, any C some, some D some, any A. 析 any 用于否定句与疑问句，但如果要表达说话者真心实意希望得到肯定答复时，问句中要用 some 而不要按一般语法规律用any. 13 June 1st is . A Childrens day B childrens Day C Childrens Day D child

39、rens day精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料答案 C. 14 These foreign friends are . A German B Germen C Germany D Germans 答案 D. 15 All the students are busy, soof them will go to the cinema. A many B little C a few D few D

40、. 析 student是可数名词，而few 用于可数名词，意为：几乎没有学生去电影院。16 There are three and seven in the picture. A deers, sheeps B deers, sheep C deer, sheep Ddeer, sheeps C. 析 deer与 sheep均是单复同形的名词。17 Whose room is this? Its . A my B Kikes and Johns C our D Kike and Johns 答案 D. 析因为room 为单数，所以不可能是Kike 的一间与John 的一间，应为二者共用的一间房子。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -