2016年考研英语真题及解析(共25页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2016研究生入学统一考试试题及答案解析(英语二)Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. Theyre more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater ris

2、ks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence_1_firms work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper._2_, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). Thats because happiness is linked to the kind of l

3、onger-term thinking_3_for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the_4_and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would_5_the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities average happiness_6_by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly

4、 traded firms in those areas._7_enough, firms investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were_8_.But is it really happiness thats linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities_9_why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the re

5、searchers controlled for various_10_that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry, and sales and for indicators that a place was_11_to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally_12_even after accounting for these things.The corr

6、elation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors_13_to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less_14_managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was_15_stronger in place

7、s where happiness was spread more_16_.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality._17_ this doesnt prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least_18_at tha

8、t possibility. Its not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help_19_how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and_20_R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1. A why B where C how D when2.

9、 A In return B In particular C In contrast D In conclusion3. A sufficient B famous C perfect D necessary4. A individualism B modernism C optimism D realism5. A echo B miss C spoil D change6. A imagined B measured C invented D assumed7. A Sure B Odd C Unfortunate D Often8. A advertised B divided C ov

10、ertaxed D headquartered9. A explain B overstate C summarize D emphasize10. A stages B factors C levels D methods11. A desirable B sociable C reputable D reliable12. A resumed B held Cemerged D broke13. A attribute B assign C transfer Dcompare14. A serious B civilized C ambitious Dexperienced15. A th

11、us B instead C also D never16. A rapidly B regularly C directly D equally17. A After B Until C While D Since18. A arrives B jumps C hints D strikes 19.A shape B rediscover C simplify D share 20. A pray for B lean towards C give away D send outSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the fo

12、llowing four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Its true that high-school coding classes arent essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductor

13、y courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellons School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that its not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers but a tool to build apps, or c

14、reate artwork, or test hypotheses. Its not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested i

15、n the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where

16、people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps thats become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things theyre interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance,

17、one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably wont drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by t

18、he time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn how to think logically through a problem andorganize the results apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But cre

19、ating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want t

20、he earlier they learn that they have the power to do that the better.21. Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to_.A. complete future job trainingB. remodel the way of thinkingC. formulate logical hypothesesD. perfect artwork production22. In delivering lessons for hi

21、gh-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their_.A. experienceB. academic backgroundsC. career prospectsD. interest23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will_.A. help students learn other computer languagesB. have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC. need improving when

22、 students look for jobsD. enable students to make big quick money24. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to_.A. compete with a future army of programmersB. stay longer in the information technology industryC. become better prepared for the digitalized worldD. bring forth

23、innovative computer technologies25. The word “coax” (Line4, Para.6) is closest in meaning to_.A. challengeB. persuadeC. frightenD. misguideText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens-a kind of bird living on stretching grasslandsonce lent red to the often gray landsca

24、pe of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a d

25、esperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the“thr

26、eatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who

27、control an estimated 95% of the prairie chickens habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a rangewide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negoti

28、ated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also se

29、t an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states” rema

30、in in the drivers seat for managing the species，” Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesnt go far

31、 enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is_Aits drastically decreased populationBthe underestimate of the gr

32、assland acreageCa desperate appeal from some biologistsDthe insistence of private landowners27.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_Awas a give-in to governmental pressureBwould involve fewer agencies in actionCgranted less federal regulatory powerDwent against conserv

33、ation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_Aagree to pay a sum for compensationBvolunteer to set up an equally big habitatCoffer to support the WAFWA monitoring jobDpromise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe， t

34、he leading role in managing the species in_Athe federal governmentBthe wildlife agenciesCthe landownersDthe states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_Aindustry groupsBthe win-win rhetoricCenvironmental groupsDthe plan under challengeText 3That everyones too busy these days is a clich. But one

35、specific complaint is made especially mournfully： Theres never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques dont seem sufficient. The webs full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times” But

36、in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesnt work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else youre so exhausted that a challenging books the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwh

37、elmingly inclined toward communicationIt is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption”. Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which cant be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of

38、 the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-was

39、ting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and youll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pre

40、ssure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them”. No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. Youd think this

41、might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside times flow” into “soul time”. You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too-prov

42、iding you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if youre “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The u

43、sual time-management techniques dont work becauseA what they can offer does not ease the modern mindB what challenging books demand is repetitive readingC what people often forget is carrying a book with themD what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrate

44、s that people feel a pressure toA update their to-do listsB make passing time fulfillingC carry their plans throughD pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helpsA encourage the efficiency mind-setB develop online reading habitsC promote ritualistic re

45、adingD achieve immersive reading34. “Carry a book with you at all times” can work ifA reading becomes your primary business of the dayB all the daily business has been promptly dealt withC you are able to drop back to business after readingD time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could beA How to Enjoy Easy ReadingB How to Find Time to ReadC How to Set Reading GoalsD How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a