2022年初三英语被动语态知识精讲.pdf

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1、学习好资料欢迎下载英语被动语态【本讲主要内容】被动语态【知识总结归纳】一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换WeVisitedthat factorylast summer主动语态主语谓语宾语状语That factorywas visitedby uslast summer被动语态主语谓语宾语状语三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时am / is / are + P.P. （1）Do they speak French ? （2） They dont use the room .Is French s

2、poken by them ? The room isnt used by them .一般过去时was / were + p.p. （1）The hunter killed a tiger . （2）He wrote many stories last year . A tiger was killed by the hunter . Many stories was written by him last year . 现在进行时am / is / are +being +p.p. （ 1 ） These workers are building a new bridge . （2）He

3、is mending his car . A new bridge is being built by these workers . His car is being mended by him . 过去进行时was / were + being + p.p. （1）He was selling books . （2）They were discussing the plan at that time . Books were being built by him . The plan was being discussed by them at that time . 现在完成时have

4、/ has + been + p. p. （1）She has learned many English words . （2） He has finished the work . Many English words have been learned by her . The work has been finished by him . 过去完成时had + been + p.p. （ 1） They has solved the problem . （2） We had told him the news by then . The problem had been solved b

5、y them . The news had been told to him by us . 一般将来时shall / will be + p.p. （1）I shall make a plan . （2）They are going to fix the radio in an hour . A plan will be made by me . The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour . 过去将来时would be + p.p. was/ were going to be + p.p. （1）He told me they wou

6、ld paint the room . （2）They were going to put on a play the next week . He told me the room would be painted by them . A play was going to be put by them the next week . 情态动词can / may / must / should + be + p.p. （1）We should hand in our homework . （ 2） You must answer the question in English . Our h

7、omework should be handed in by us . The question must be answered in English by you . 四. 如何正确使用被动语态1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to ”。eg. He often tells usinterestingstories . （主动语态）.himbyustotoldoftenarestoriesgInterestin.himbystorie

8、sginterestintoldoftenareWe（被动语态）常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass 等。2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当， to 被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to 还要还原。eg. I often hear hersing this popular song . （主动语态）复合宾语宾语补足语宾语She is often heard to sing this popular song . （被动语态） 有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , wa

9、tch , feel , notice 等。3. 有些 “ be + 过去分词 ” 的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“ 系表结构 （即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语） 。”比较：（1）)()(.FengpingbyclosedisdoorThe.closedisdoorThe被动语态。这个门是由冯平来关的系表结构门是关着的。（2）)()(.MarybybrokenwasglassThe.brokenisglassThe被动语态。的这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏系表结构。这个玻璃杯是坏的4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - -

10、- - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载eg. )()(.ChinainplacetakenbeenhavechangesGreat.ChinainplacetakenhavechangesGreat错误正确)()(.seadeeptheinddisappearewasdolphinThe.seadeeptheinddisappearedolphinThe错误正确5 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“ 动词介词 ” ，“ 动词副词 ” 等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一

11、个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 二、如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by 短语)。例 My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer. 3. 为了更好地安排句子。例 The w

12、ell-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）三、It is said that+ 从句及其他类似句型一些表示 “ 据说 ” 或“ 相信 ” 的动词如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型 “It be过去分词 that 从句 ” 或“ 主语 be过去分词 to do sth.”。有：It is said that 据说 ,It is reported that据报道，It is beli

13、eved that大家相信， It is hoped that大家希望， It is well known that众所周知， It is thought that大家认为， It is suggested that据建议。例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （ The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）【题型展示 】1. A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week . A. be given

14、B. has been given C. will be given D. will give 2.To make our city more beautiful , rubbish into the river . A. needn t be thrown B. mustn t be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw 3.You may go fishing if your work . A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done 4. The trees must three times

15、a week . A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters 5. I won t come to the party unless Sue , too . You mean if Sue comes youll come ? A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited 6.I like my new bike . It very well . A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden 7. Mr. Chen has a lond

16、 voice . His voice can clearly even in that big classroom . A. hear B. be heard C. be hearing D. have heard 8. It s time to do your homework , Jack . Yes , Mum . Ill turn off the TV as soon as the programme . A. ends B. end C. will be ended D. will end 9.You to the meeting , why didnt you go ?A. be

17、invited B. will be invited C. were invited D. are invited 10.A lot of trees along the river last year . A. planted B. are planted C. were planted 【实战模拟 】一. 选择填空1.The rivers smells terrible People must dirty things into it . A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop

18、form throwing 2. Paper first invented in China . A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. Do you like the flower ? Yes , it sweet . A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt D. smells 4. It snowed heavily last night . The ground thick snow . A. was covered with B. was filled with C. was made of D. covered with 5. T

19、he light in the room before you leave . A. must turn of B. will turn off C. are turned D. must be turned off 6. the kind of question often in your class , Ann ? A. Does , ask B. Is , asked C. Has , asked D. Will , ask 7. The bridge in three weeks . A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. build

20、s 8. The old men and the children must in our country . A. take good care B. be taken good care C. take good care of D. be taken good care of 9. Paul doesnt have to be made He always works hard . A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 10. The girl was unhappy because she by some boys in the cla

21、ss . A. is laughed B. was laughed C. laughed at D. was laughed at 11. We that the English test next Monday . A. are told , gives B. tell , will give C. are told , will be given D. told , is going to be given 12. Great changes place in China since 1978 . A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been t

22、aken D. took 13. the red pencil-box by your father last week ? A. Has , bought B. Was , bought C. Does , buy D. Did , buy 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载14. Mary many songs at the party . A. heard sing B. heard to sing C. w

23、as heard sing D. was heard to sing 15. trees usually in April ? A. Have , planted B. Are , planted C. Do , plant D. Were , planted 16. When we got there , the broken road repaired . A. is being B. was being C. has been D. / 17. The windows of the room once a week . A. has been cleaned B. is cleaned

24、C. are cleaned D. are cleaning 18. In 1620 , about half the USA forests . A. was covered B. was covered by C. were filled with D. covered with 19. The young tree the stick . A. should be tied to B. must be tied by C. should tie to D. can be tied with 20. A present me by my friend on my birthday . A.

25、 is giving B. was given to C. is given for D. will give to 21. By was the book ? A. who , wrote B. whom , write C. whom , written D. whom , writing 22. Films about crime and violence （暴力与犯罪）by young children . A. should not see B. should be not seen C. should not be seen D. should be seen 23. In war

26、m weather fruit and meat long . A. can t be kept B. don t keep C. is not kept D. arent keeping24. Half the worlds telephone calls in English .A. are made B. are making C. make D. is made 25. That building now . A. is building B. is built C. is being built D. builds 26. The trees in our school every

27、Friday afternoon . A. are watered B. are watering C. have watered D. water 27. More “ Great Green Walls ” must all over the world . A. build B. are built C. be building D. be built 28. His school bag by a woman ten minutes ago . A. took away B. was taken away C. was taken off D. is taken 29. It that

28、 she very clever . A. was said , is B. was said , were C. is said , is D. is said , is being 30. Yesterday a visitor something about his hometown . A. was asked B. was asking C. is asked D. asked 二. 用正确的时态和语态填空1. Nearly everybody here （know）when the old museum （build）. 2. The building can （see）from

29、every part of the city ; It （build ）many years ago . 3. Yesterday Tom （tell）me that his bike （break）last week . 4. The students often （tell）to take care of their desks and chairs . 5. Now he （be） asked if the meeting （hold）next Friday . 6. It is known to all that the moon （turn）round the earth . 7.

30、Miss Li often （use）a recorder in her English class . But she （not use）it tomorrow . 8. Vegetables , eggs and fruits （sell）in this shop . 9. English （speak）here . 10. The song （like）by us all twenty years ago . 11. The pictures （take）by Jack tomorrow . 12. The computer （can use）in the room . 13. The

31、room （paint）now . 14. The novel （translate）into many languages since it was published . 15. That clock （call）Big Ben . 16. Last week , when I （ask）about English culture , I couldn t answer it well . 17. What language （speak）in your country ? 18. School football games often （hold）on Friday evenings .

32、 19. The film （show）again sometime next week . 20. If anything （happen）to him , let me know . 31. Do you like this kind of paper ? Yes , it very nice . A. is felt B. felt C. is feeling D. feels 32. These books well . A. sells B. are being sold C. are sold D. sell 33. The boy lost on his way home yes

33、terday . A. got B. is C. gets D. has 34. Though the coat is a bit large now , it me very soon . A. will be fit B. will fit C. fit D. fits 35. Football everywhere in the world . A. is played B. play C. is playing D. plays 36. Everybody here was a present . A. gave B. given C. To give D. Giving 37. A

34、new factory in our city last year . A. built B. has built C. was built D. is building 38. All trees must well when it is dry . A. be watered B. are watered C. water D. be watering 39. This shirt silk . A. must be made in B. make by C. must be made of D. must be made by 40. These books good care of .

35、 A. must taken B. must take C. have to take D. must be taken 41. Stamps by people for sending letters . A. use B. in using C. used D. are used 42. More trees next year . A. will be planted B. will plant C. have planted D. are plantin 参考答案 一. 选择填空15 BCDAD 610 BCDBD 1115 CBBDB 1620 BCBAB 精品资料 - - - 欢迎

36、下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载2125 CCAAC 2630 ADBCA 3135 DCABA 3640 BCACD 4145 DACBC 4650 DBBBB 51. D 二. 用正确的时态和语态填空1. knows , was built 2. be seen , was built 3. told , was broken 4. are , told 5. is , will be held 6. turns 7. uses ,

37、wont use 8. are sold 9. is spoken 10. was liked 11. will be taken 12. can be used 13. is being painted 14. has been translated 15. is called 16. was asked 17. is spoken 18. are , held 19. will be shown 20. happens 21. Does ,suit 22. was broken 23. can be seen 24. was held 25. were told 26. is being taken 27. be watered , are planted 28. is made , was made 29. are sold 30. was founded 31. are being painted 32. is , shown 33. was told 34. is being built 35. will be remembered 36. is , used 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -