2018-2019中考英语阅读专项复习——阅读理解解题技巧(共12页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上中考英语阅读理解解题技巧阅读理解解题技巧1 分门别类识别文体记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素，即时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、发展和结果，以及人物之间的关系、表现，从中分析他们思想品质、性格特征等；议论文是阐明作者对人或事的好坏的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理得出结论；应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格、地址、网址等，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。2 统览全篇摘录要点阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关

2、系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为一些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。摘录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。3 开动脑筋推测词意初中英语教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料，换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下的几种方法完成内化过程：（1）根据上下文猜测词意。（2）根据构词法猜测词意。前缀un-表反义词，如happy、u

3、nhappy；fair、unfair；important、unimportant等。后缀- ment表名词，如develop、development；state、statement；argue、argument等。后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate、calculator；visit、visitor；law、lawyer；wait、waiter；science、scientist；art、artist等。4 用知识和生活经验理解短文如根据化学知识，可以理解科普读物Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen；根据生活经验可以理解Green

4、 plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide.还有一种方法是根据逻辑推理理解短文。逻辑推理实际上就是文章的“弦外之音”、“言下之意”。如一道中考模拟卷阅读问题， Then they came to the second picture. The assistant was going to draw the cloth as he did before. As soon as he touched the cloth, he cried, “Wonderful Its the best picture I have ever seen

5、!” 据此可以推断出第二张画画的是一块布。5 条分缕析理解长句长句是初中生阅读理解的难点之一，长句中通常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次，先找出句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句或短语等。如，Parents whose children show a special interest in a particularsport have a difficult decision to make about their childrens career.先找出本句的主、谓、宾为Parents have a decision.再找出修饰语Whose children

6、show a special interest in a particular sport为Parents的定语从句，difficult修饰decision，to make about their childrens careers为不定式做decision的定语。经过分析，化整为零，化繁为简，此句就不难理解了。巩固练习1、Rachel Carson（19071964）was a pioneer of the worlds environmental movement through her writing about the protection of the natural worldHe

7、r 1962 book Silent Spring made her well known by many peopleIt describes the harmful changes in the environment of using toxic（有害的）chemicals on farmlandCarsons career started as a biologist in the US Bureau of FisheriesIn 1951 she published her first bookThe Sea Around Us，which became a bestsellerIt

8、 made her rich enough to leave her job and devote her life to writingShe was s gifted writerHer next two books were also about the oceans and both topped the book sales listsCarsons book Silent Spring completely changed the way America thought about natureIt painted a bleak（荒凉的） future for the whole

9、 natural worldIt led to a nationwide ban（禁止）on the use of a deadly chemical called DDT，and other toxic pesticides （农药）that farmers used for their cropsMany people say the book led to the creation of Americas Environmental Protection AgencySince her deathCarsons name has continued to be connected wit

10、h protecting the environmentThere is now a yearly Rachel Carson Book PrizeNorway awards the Rachel Carson Prize to women who have made great contributions to the field of environmental protectionIn1980，16 years after her death，she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom，the highest civilian ho

11、nour in America1What happened to Rachel Carson in1962？AShe started to write booksBShe gave up working as s biologistCHer book The Sea Around Us sold wellDHer book Silent Spring made her famous 2What most probably made Rachel Carson leave her job？AShe got an awardBShe published Silent SpringCThe Sea

12、Around Us brought her enough money DThe US government took notice of her researches 3Why is the book Silent Spring important to Americas environmental protection？AIt describes a silent spring BIt topped the book sales lists CIt changeed how America thought about nature DIt includes all Carsons resea

13、rch achievements4What does the underline wordItin Paragraph 3 mean？AThe book Silent SpringBThe way America thought CThe US Bureau of FisheriesDAmericas Environmental Protection Agency5Why was Rachel Carson awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom？AShe published the book silent springBShe did a lot

14、of researches for the US Bureau of FisheriesCShe donated much money to the Rachel Carson Book PrizeDShe made great contributions to the environmental protection2、Dear Mum:Today Im going to tell you something really special. I know you work very hard and feel tired every day. Every time you come home

15、 and see the messy(杂乱的) house. I know you are very angry with me. But you always say nothing and clean up the house .I always want to help you, but I have so much homework to do. After I finish my homework, I feel like dying. I really want to help you, but Im so tired too.I also want to tell you one

16、 thing, I love you so much. I usually talk back to you when you say that I dont study hard enough. But in fact I just want you to praise（赞扬） me more. I will try my best to get good grades and get praise from my teacher. So dont feel frustrated （失望）about my grades, OK? I have made up my mind that I w

17、ill study harder and help you to clean the house. I am serious this time. I will have my homework done faster so that I can have more energy to clean the house. I will watch TV less so that I can have more time to study and get good grades. All these things are for one reason: I want to make you hap

18、py Mum. I love you!With lots of love Sally ( )1.Why is Sallys mother angry with Sally when she comes back from work?A. Because she doesnt study hard.B. Because she isnt good at English.C. Because she doesnt clean the house.D. Because she doesnt finish her homework.( )2. What does Sallys mother think

19、 about her?A. She thinks Sally is very lazy.B. She feels frustrated about her.C. She thinks Sally studies very hard.D. She thinks Sally is a bad girl.( )3.What does Sally want?A. Enough money B. Enough free timeC. Good grades and praise D. Enough good food.( )4.Why does Sally want to do her homework

20、 faster?A. Because she will have enough time to watch TV.B. Because she is interested in doing homework.C. Because she has many important things to do.D. Because she can have more energy to do some cleanig in her house.( )35.Which of the following is WRONG?A. Sally feels very tired after she finishe

21、s her homework.B. Sally love her mother deeply.C. Sallys teacher feels frustrated about her.D. Shally wants to make mother happy.3、People call the Winter Olympics the White Olympics. At this time, they publish(发行) many stamps to mark(标志) the great games. The first stamps came out on January 25th, 19

22、32 in the United States for the 3rd White Olympics. From then on(从那时起), publishing stamps during the White Olympics became a rule.During the 4th Winter Olympics, people published a group of stamps in November 1936. They drew five rings of Olympics. It was the first time that the rings appeared(出现) o

23、n the stamps of the White Olympics.In the 1950s，the stamps of this kind became more colorful. When the White Olympics came, the host countries as well as non-host countries published stamps to mark those games. China also published four stamps in February 1980 when the Chinese sportsmen began to tak

24、e part in the White Olympics.In Asia, Japan was the only country to hold the White Olympics. They sold 14,500 million stamps during the Olympics.People drew different kinds of sports on these small stamps, and they enjoyed the wonderful sports and some excellent players.1. The White Olympics and the

25、 Winter Olympics _.A. are the same thing B. are different gamesC. are not held in winter D. are held in summer2.The world made it a rule to publish stamps to mark the great world games _.A. after the year 1936 B. after the 3rd White OlympicsC. before the 3rd White Olympics D. before the year 19323.

26、The Winter Olympics is held(被举行) once _.A. every two years B. every three yearsC. every four years D. every five years4. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Only the host countries can publish stamps to mark those games.B. Only the non-host countries can publish stamps to mark those games.C. All the c

27、ountries can publish stamps to mark those games.D. Japan cant publish stamps to mark those games.5. What may appear(出现)on the stamps of the White Olympics?A. Basketball. B. Table tennis. C. Football. D. Skating.4、 The United States has many different kinds of climates（气候）. On the northwest coast（海岸）

28、, the temperature changes very little between summer and winter, but the north central（中部的）states have a very different kind of climate. In those states, people wear light clothes in summer, and they need heavy woolen clothes in winter. In the southwest coast, the climate is rainy and warm during th

29、e winter, but the summer is dry and hot. In the northeast of the United States, summer temperatures are very different from winter temperatures. Summer is usually hot, and winter is usually cold. Spring temperatures are warm, and fall temperatures are cool. Years ago, people in the cold parts of the

30、 United States didnt often get fresh （新鲜的）vegetables and fresh fruits during the summer. Today, however（然而），trucks and trains carry fruits and vegetables very quickly to all parts of the United States. In this way, Americans “send their climates” to people in other states. 1. The summer and winter t

31、emperatures are almost the same _. A. in the northeastern states B. on the north central states C. in the western states D. on the northwest coast 2. The word“fall”in this passage means _. A. drop B. down C. autumn D. spring 3. Today people _ can get fresh vegetables and fruits. A. in the north cent

32、ral states B. in every part of the U.S.A. C. in the cold parts of the U.S.A. D. in the southwest part of the U.S.A. 4. From this passage we know that the climate of the United States _. A. is always very cold B. is warm in winter C. is widely different D. changes very little between summer and winte

33、r 5. From Paragraph 2 we know that the climate of the southwest coast is _. A. Maritime（海洋性）climate B. Savanna（热带草原）climate C. Mediterranean（地中海）climate D. Tropical rainforest（热带雨林）climate5、Whenever the sun dropped and the blue sky came up, my father and I used to climb the mountain near my house. W

34、alking together, my father and I used to have a lot of conversations through which I learned lessons from his experiences. He always told me, “You should have goals like climbing the mountain.” Without the mountain-climbing that we both enjoyed . We couldnt have enough time to spend together because

35、 my father was very busy. I really got a lot from mountain-climbing. It gave me time to talk with my father and to be in deep thought as well as develop my patience (耐力).Once we climbed a very high mountain. It was so challenging for me because I was only ten years old. During the first few hours of

36、 climbing . I enjoyed the flowers and trees, and the birds singing, but as time passed, I got a pain in both of my legs. I wanted to quit climbing. In fact, I hated it at that mountain, but my father said to me, “You can always see a beautiful sky at the top of the mountain, but you cant see it befo

37、re you reach the top. Only there at the top, can you see all of the nice things, just like in life.”At that time, I was too young to understand his words. But later after that, I got new hope and confidence. I found myself standing at the top of the sky, which was as clear as crystal (水晶).1. The pas

38、sage tells us that mountain-climbing was _for Father and Son.A. hard B. enjoyable C. painful D. comfortable2. The word “quit” in the passage means “_”.A. carry on B. put off C. give up D. pick up3. Which of the following is the closest (最接近的) in meaning to the fathers words in the second paragraph?A

39、. You will get all you need at the top of the mountain.B. The sky is always as clear as crystal.C. You can find life is full of nice things.D. Never give up half-way.4. We can infer (推断) from the last paragraph that _.A. the writer was very successful in his lifeB. the writer reached the top of the

40、mountainC. though the writer was young, he could understand his fatherD. the writer used to stop half-way when he climbed the mountain5. The best title (题目) for the passage is “_”.A. Reaching the Top of the Mountain B. Standing at the Top of the MountainC. Conversations between Father and Son D. How

41、 to Get to the Top of the Mountain6、Kate: I like running very much. Its good exercise. My parents both like running, too. We usually get up early in the morning and run together. It is good for ones legs, heart and lungs. It helps one to have a strong body. Mum says that she should thank running bec

42、ause it helps her to get thinner. Running is fun. It can make one happy. There are many different ways for one to run. One can run in a school or in a park. One can join a running club to run and make new friends, too.Chen Feng: I like ball games, like foot-ball, basketball and tennis. And basketbal

43、l is my favorite. I often play basketball with my friends on Sunday mornings when we are free and the weather is nice. I joined my school team last year. And I can play it very well now. There is going to be a basketball game between No. 1 Middle School and our school in our school next Saturday. Ma

44、ny students are going to cheer us on. Our teacher says that she will buy some presents for us if we win. I hope we can win the game.( )1. Kate and his parents usually _ together in the morning. A. leave home B. run C. play games D. have breakfast( )2. Kates mother thinks that _. A. running is cool B

45、. Kate dislikes running C. running is as popular as swimming D. running makes her get thinner( )3. Chen Feng _. A. likes football best B. hopes to win the football game C. is a member of the school basketball team D. plays basketball with his friends on the mornings of weekends( )4. Chen Fengs teach

46、er is going to _ if Chen Fengs team wins the game. A. tell them a story B. buy some presents for them C. sing a song for them D. cook delicious food for them ( )5. Both Chen Feng and Kate _. A. like sports B. want to make new friends C. like ball games D. are middle school teachers 7、Welcome to London! Now let me tell you something about this wonderful city. London, the capital of the United Kingdom, is the