岩土工程词汇中英文对照大词典(很全)(共0页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上1、岩土工程词汇中英文对照The surface sediment possess six types: sandy gravel, coarse sand, coarse middle sand,middle fine sand, fine sand,silty clay. 表层沉积物类型有6种：砂砾、粗砂、粗中砂、中细砂、细砂、粉砂质粘土。 1. 综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering 反分析法back analysis method 基础工程foundation engineering 临界状态土力学critical state soil

2、 mechanics 数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics 土soil, earth 土动力学soil dynamics 土力学soil mechanics 岩土工程geotechnical engineering 应力路径stress path 应力路径法stress path method2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock 标准冻深standard frost penetration 冰川沉积glacial deposit 冰积层（台）glacial deposit 残积土eluvia soil, residual soil 层理bedding

3、长石feldspar 沉积岩sedimentary rock 承压水confined water 次生矿物secondary mineral 地质年代geological age 地质图geological map 地下水groundwater 断层fault 断裂构造fracture structure 工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration 海积层（台）marine deposit 海相沉积marine deposit 花岗岩granite 滑坡landslide 化石fossil 化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock 阶地

4、terrace 节理joint 解理cleavage 喀斯特karsts 矿物硬度hardness of minerals 砾岩conglomerate 流滑flow slide 陆相沉积continental sedimentation 泥石流mud flow, debris flow 年粘土矿物clay minerals 凝灰岩tuff 牛轭湖ox-bow lake 浅成岩hypabyssal rock 潜水ground water 侵入岩intrusive rock 取土器geotome 砂岩sandstone 砂嘴spit, sand spit 山岩压力rock pressure 深成

5、岩plutionic rock 石灰岩limestone 石英quartz 松散堆积物rickle 围限地下水（台）confined ground water 泻湖lagoon 岩爆rock burst 岩层产状attitude of rock 岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock 岩脉dike, dgke 岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 岩石构造structure of rock 岩石结构texture of rock 岩体rock mass 页岩shale 原生矿物primary mineral 云母mica 造岩矿物rock-for

6、ming mineral 褶皱fold, folding 钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil 超固结土overconsolidated soil 冲填土dredger fill 充重塑土 冻土frozen soil, tjaele 非饱和土unsaturated soil 分散性土dispersive soil 粉土silt, mo 粉质粘土silty clay 高岭石kaolinite 过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil 红粘土red clay, adamic earth 黄土loess, hu

7、angtu(China) 蒙脱石montmorillonite 泥炭peat, bog muck 年粘土clay 年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil 膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil 欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil 区域性土zonal soil 人工填土fill, artificial soil 软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle 砂土sand 湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess 素填土plain fill 塑性图plasticity chart

8、 碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus 未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay 无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil 岩石rock 伊利土illite 有机质土organic soil 淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush 淤泥质土mucky soil 原状土undisturbed soil 杂填土miscellaneous fill 正常固结土normally co

9、nsolidated soil 正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil 自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits 饱和度degree of saturation 饱和密度saturated density 饱和重度saturated unit weight 比重specific gravity 稠度consistency 不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient 触变thixotropy 单粒结构single-g

10、rained structure 蜂窝结构honeycomb structure 干重度dry unit weight 干密度dry density 塑性指数plasticity index 含水量water content, moisture content 活性指数 级配gradation, grading 结合水bound water, combined water, held water 界限含水量Atterberg limits 颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition of soil 可塑性pla

11、sticity 孔隙比void ratio 孔隙率porosity 粒度granularity, grainness, grainage 粒组fraction, size fraction 毛细管水capillary water 密度density 密实度compactionness 年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil 平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter 曲率系数coefficient of curvature 三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase d

12、iagram 三相土tri-phase soil 湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure 湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility 缩限shrinkage limit 土的构造soil texture 土的结构soil structure 土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles 土中气air in soil 土中水water in soil 团粒aggregate, cumularpharolith 限定粒径constrained diameter 相对密度relative density, dens

13、ity index 相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compaction, coefficient of compaction 絮状结构flocculent structure 压密系数coefficient of consolidation 压缩性compressibility 液限liquid limit 液性指数liquidity index 游离水（台）free water 有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size 有效密度effec

14、tive density 有效重度effective unit weight 重力密度unit weight 自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water 组构fabric 最大干密度maximum dry density 最优含水量optimum water content5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy s law 管涌piping 浸润线phreatic line 临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient 流函数flow function 流土flowing soil 流网 f

15、low net 砂沸sand boiling 渗流seepage 渗流量seepage discharge 渗流速度seepage velocity 渗透力seepage force 渗透破坏seepage failure 渗透系数coefficient of permeability 渗透性permeability 势函数potential function 水力梯度hydraulic gradient6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation 变形模量modulus of deformation 泊松比Poisson s ratio 布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s soluti

16、on 残余变形residual deformation 残余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure 超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure 沉降settlement 沉降比settlement ratio 次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement 次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation 地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation 分层总和法layerwise summation method

17、 负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure 附加应力superimposed stress 割线模量secant modulus 固结沉降consolidation settlement 规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification 回弹变形rebound deformation 回弹模量modulus of resilience 回弹系数coefficient of resilience 回弹指数swelling index 建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building 剪胀

18、dilatation 角点法corner-points method 孔隙气压力pore air pressure 孔隙水压力pore water pressure 孔隙压力系数Apore pressure parameter A 孔隙压力系数Bpore pressure parameter B 明德林解Mindlin s solution 纽马克感应图Newmark chart 切线模量tangent modulus 蠕变creep 三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settlement 瞬时沉降immediate settlement

19、塑性变形plastic deformation 谈弹性变形elastic deformation 谈弹性模量elastic modulus 谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium 体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus 先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure 压缩层 压缩模量modulus of compressibility 压缩系数coefficient of compressibility 压缩性compressibility 压缩指数compression index 有效应力effective

20、stress 自重应力self-weight stress 总应力total stress approach of shear strength 最终沉降final settlement 7. 固结巴隆固结理论Barron s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论Biot s consolidation theory 超固结比over-consolidation ratio 超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure 次固结secondary consolidation 次压缩（台）secondary consolidatin 单向度压密（台）one-

21、dimensional consolidation 多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation 固结consolidation 固结度degree of consolidation 固结理论theory of consolidation 固结曲线consolidation curve 固结速率rate of consolidation 固结系数coefficient of consolidation 固结压力consolidation pressure 回弹曲线rebound curve 井径比drain spacing ratio 井阻well resistanc

22、e 曼代尔克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect 潜变（台）creep 砂井sand drain 砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method 时间因子time factor 太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s consolidation theory 太沙基伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation 先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure 压密（台）con

23、solidation 压密度（台）degree of consolidation 压缩曲线cpmpression curve 一维固结one dimensional consolidation 有效应力原理principle of effective stress 预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure 原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve 再压缩曲线recompression curve 主固结primary consolidation 主压密（台）primary consolidation 准固结压力pseudo-consolidatio

24、n pressure K0固结consolidation under K0 condition8. 抗剪强度安息角（台）angle of repose 不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength 残余内摩擦角residual angle of internal friction 残余强度residual strength 长期强度long-term strength 单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test 动强度dynamic strength of soils 峰值强度peak strength 伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter 剪切应变速

25、率shear strain rate 抗剪强度shear strength 抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter 抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength 库仑方程Coulomb s equation 摩尔包线Mohr s envelope 摩尔库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory 内摩擦角angle of internal friction 年粘聚力cohesion 破裂角angle of ruptu

26、re 破坏准则failure criterion 十字板抗剪强度vane strength 无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength 有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction 有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept 有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope 有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter 有效应力原理principle of effective stress 真内摩擦角true angle

27、internal friction 真粘聚力true cohesion 总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope 总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model 边界面模型boundary surface model 层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model 超弹性模型hyperelastic model 德鲁克普拉格准则Drucker-Prager criterion 邓肯张模型Duncan-Chang model 动剪切强度 非线性弹性模量nonl

28、inear elastic model 盖帽模型cap model 刚塑性模型rigid plastic model 割线模量secant modulus 广义冯米赛斯屈服准则extended von Mises yield criterion 广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion 加工软化work softening 加工硬化work hardening 加工硬化定律strain harding law 剑桥模型Cambridge model 柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model 拉特邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model 拉

29、特屈服准则Lade yield criterion 理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model 临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model 流变学模型rheological model 流动规则flow rule 摩尔库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model 内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory 年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model 切线模量tangent modulus 清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua e

30、lastoplastic model 屈服面yield surface 沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method 双参数地基模型 双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion 双曲线模型hyperbolic model 松岗元中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion 塑性形变理论 谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix 谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus 谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastopla

31、stic theory 谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model 谈弹性变形elastic deformation 谈弹性模量elastic modulus 谈弹性模型elastic model 魏汝龙KhoslaWu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model 文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model 修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model 准弹性模型hypoelastic model10. 地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure 次层（台）substratum

32、地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil 地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基稳定性stability of foundation soil 汉森地基承载力公式Hansen s ultimate bearing capacity formula 极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium

33、 加州承载比（美国）California Bearing Ratio 局部剪切破坏local shear failure 临塑荷载critical edge pressure 梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof s ultimate bearing capacity formula 普朗特承载力理论Prandel bearing capacity theory 斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skempton s ultimate bearing capacity formula 太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi bearing capacity theory 魏锡克极限承载力公式Vesic s u

34、ltimate bearing capacity formula 整体剪切破坏general shear failure11. 土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure 被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure 极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium 静止土压力earth pressue at rest 静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest 库仑土压力理论Coulomb s earth pressure theory 库尔曼图解法Culmannn co

35、nstruction 朗肯土压力理论Rankine s earth pressure theory 朗肯状态Rankine state 谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium 土压力earth pressure 主动土压力active earth pressure 主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure12. 土坡稳定分析安息角（台）angle of repose 毕肖普法Bishop method 边坡稳定安全系数safety factor of slope 不平衡推理传递法unbalanced thrust t

36、ransmission method 费伦纽斯条分法Fellenius method of slices 库尔曼法Culmann method 摩擦圆法friction circle method 摩根斯坦普拉斯法Morgenstern-Price method 铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope 瑞典圆弧滑动法Swedish circle method 斯宾赛法Spencer method 泰勒法Taylor method 条分法slice method 土坡slope 土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis 土坡稳定极

37、限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability 土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability休止角angle of repose 扬布普遍条分法Janbu general slice method 圆弧分析法circular arc analysis13. 土的动力性质比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity 波的弥散特性dispersion of waves 波速法wave velocity method 材料阻尼material damping 初始液化initial

38、liquefaction 地基固有周期natural period of soil site 动剪切模量dynamic shear modulus of soils 动力布西涅斯克解dynamic solution of Boussinesq 动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor 动力性质dynamic properties of soils 动强度dynamic strength of soils 骨架波akeleton waves in soils 几何阻尼geometric damping 抗液化强度liquefaction stress 孔隙流体波flu

39、id wave in soil 损耗角loss angle 往返活动性reciprocating activity 无量纲频率dimensionless frequency 液化liquefaction 液化势评价evaluation of liquefaction potential 液化应力比stress ratio of liquefaction 应力波stress waves in soils 振陷dynamic settlement 阻尼damping of soil 阻尼比damping ratio14. 挡土墙挡土墙retaining wall 挡土墙排水设施 挡土墙稳定性sta

40、bility of retaining wall 垛式挡土墙 扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall 后垛墙（台）counterfort retaining wall 基础墙foundation wall 加筋土挡墙reinforced earth bulkhead 锚定板挡土墙anchored plate retaining wall 锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall 锚杆式挡土墙anchor rod retaining wall 悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall 悬壁式挡土墙cantilever shee

41、t pile wall 重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall15. 板桩结构物板桩sheet pile 板桩结构sheet pile structure 钢板桩steel sheet pile 钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete sheet pile 钢桩steel pile 灌注桩cast-in-place pile 拉杆tie rod 锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall 锚固技术anchoring 锚座Anchorage 木板桩wooden sheet pile 木桩timber piles 悬壁式板桩墙cantilever

42、sheet pile wall16. 基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheet pile-braced cuts 电渗法electro-osmotic drainage 管涌piping 基底隆起heave of base 基坑降水dewatering 基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit 基坑围护bracing of foundation pit 减压井relief well 降低地下水位法dewatering method 井点系统well point system 喷射井点eductor well point 铅直边坡的临界高度critical

43、height of vertical slope 砂沸sand boiling 深井点deep well point 真空井点vacuum well point 支撑围护braced cuts17. 浅基础杯形基础 补偿性基础compensated foundation 持力层bearing stratum 次层（台）substratum 单独基础individual footing 倒梁法inverted beam method 刚性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation 刚性基础rigid foundation 高杯口基础 基

44、础埋置深度embeded depth of foundation 基床系数coefficient of subgrade reaction 基底附加应力net foundation pressure 交叉条形基础cross strip footing 接触压力contact pressure 静定分析法（浅基础）static analysis (shallow foundation) 壳体基础shell foundation 扩展基础spread footing 片筏基础mat foundation 浅基础shallow foundation 墙下条形基础 热摩奇金法Zemochkin s m

45、ethod 柔性基础flexible foundation 上部结构基础土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interaction analysis 谈弹性地基梁（板）分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundation 条形基础strip footing 下卧层substratum 箱形基础box foundation 柱下条形基础18. 深基础贝诺托灌注桩Benoto cast-in-place pile 波动方程分析Wave equation analysis 场铸桩（台)cast-in-place pil

46、e 沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉井基础open-end caisson foundation 沉箱基础box caisson foundation 成孔灌注同步桩synchronous pile 承台pile caps 充盈系数fullness coefficient 单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of

47、single pile 单桩竖向抗压容许承载力vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile 单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical allowable load capacity of single pile 低桩承台low pile cap 地下连续墙diaphgram wall 点承桩（台）end-bearing pile 动力打桩公式dynamic pile driving formula 端承桩end-bearing pile 法兰基灌注桩Franki pile 负摩擦力negative skin friction of pile 钢筋混凝土预制桩precast reinforced concrete piles 钢桩steel pile 高桩承台high-rise pile cap 灌注桩cast-in-place pile 横向载荷桩laterally loaded vertical piles 护壁泥浆slurry coat method 回转钻孔灌注桩ro