新目标英语八年级下1-5单元知识点汇总(共26页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit 1 Whats the matter?一重点短语 1. have a fever/cough/ cold发烧/咳嗽/感冒 2. have a toothache /stomachache/headache/backache/ nosebleed 牙疼/胃疼/头痛/后背痛/流鼻血3. have a sore back/ throat 背疼/喉咙痛 4. talk too much 说得太多 too many passengers 太多乘客5. drink enough water 喝足够的水 big enough 足够大 6. lie down and res

2、t 躺下来休息7. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 8. get an X-ray 拍X 光片9. see a dentist 看牙医10. go to a doctor 看医生11. take one s temperature 量体温12. put some medicine on sth. 在上面敷药13. feel very hot 感到很热14. sound like 听起来像15. on the weekend 在周末16. all weekend 整个周末17. in the same way 以同样的方式18. go along 沿着走19. see sb.

3、 do/doing sth. 看见某人做/正在做某事20. on the side of the road 在马路边21. shout for help 大声呼救22. without thinking twice 没有多想23. get on/off 上/下车24. have a heart problem 有心脏病25. to one s surprise 使. 惊讶的26. thanks to 多亏了 ；由于27. in/on time 及时/准时28. this/next time 这/下次29. get hit on the head 碰到头30. put her head back

4、 把她的头向后仰31. save a life 挽救生命32. get into trouble 陷入麻烦/苦恼33. right away/ at once 立刻；马上34. because of 由于35. get out of 离开;从出来36. hurt oneself 受伤37. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎38. fall down 摔倒39. feel sick 感到恶心40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖41. be interested in 对 感兴趣42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难43. mountain

5、 climbing 登山运动44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事45. run out (of) 用完;用尽46. so that 以便47. so. . . that 如此 以至于48. be in control of 掌管;管理49. in a difficult situation 在闲境屮50. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事51. make a decision 做出决定52. take risks 冒险53. give up 放弃54. act quickly 快速行动二重点句型(一) 医生询问病情的常用语句：1. Whats w

6、rong/the matter (with you)? 你怎么了？Whats your trouble? 你哪里不舒服?When did it start? 从何时开始生病的？2. How are you (feeling) now? 你现在觉得怎么样?Are you feeling better today? 你今天好些了吗?3. Do you feel tired?你觉得疲劳吗? (二) 病人诉说病情的常用语句：1. I dont feel very well. / Im not feeling well. 我感到不舒服。2. I have (got) a headache.我头痛。The

7、res something wrong with my leg.我的腿有毛病了。3. I feel terrible.我感到很难受。I feel even worse.我感到情况更糟了.4. It began two days ago. 两天前开始的.(三) 处置或提出建议：1) Open your mouth, please. 张开嘴。2) Take this medicine three times a day. 这个药一天吃三次。3) Youd better stay in bed till tomorrow. 最好卧床休息到明天。4) Drink lots of water and h

8、ave a good rest. 多喝水，好好休息。5) You should lie down and rest. 卧床多休息。6) You shouldnt eat anything for two hours. 你不应在2小时内吃任何东西。7) See a dentist and get an X-ray. 看牙医8) Take your temperature.9) Put some medicine on the cut. 在伤口上面敷药10) Put a bandage on it. 用绷带包扎11) Put your head back 把你的头向后仰三：1. What s th

9、e matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】matter/ mt(r) /n.问题；事情 What s the matter with you? = Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you? = Whats up? = What happens to sb.? 你怎么了？【拓展】matter的用法(1) It doesnt matter 没关系 （用来回答别人道歉时的用语）(2) as a matter of fact= in fact 事实上, 实际上2. I have a cold 我感冒了 I have a stoma

10、chache 我患胃痛 I have a sore back. 我背痛。【解析1】have a cold 受凉;感冒 have a/an + 疾病名词 “患病” (cold/fever/cough) have a sore throat 患喉咙痛 have a sore back 患背痛 have a fever 发烧 have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒 have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothache患牙痛 have a headache 患头痛 have a backache患背痛【解析2】back n 背；背部 at the back

11、 of.在.的后面 go/come back 返回 give back 归还3. hand n 手 hand in hand 手拉手 V 交给；传递 hand in 上交 hand on 依次传递 hand out 分发4. She talked too much yesterday and didnt drink enough water. 她昨天说话太多了并且没有喝足够的水。【解析1】too much/too many/much too短语含义用法例句too much太多后接不可数名词There is too much rain these days修饰动词，放在动词之后Watching

12、TV too much is bad for your eyes.too many太多后接可数名词复数There are too many things for me to do every day.much too太修饰形容词或副词Its much too cold in winter.( ) Mr. Smith eats _ food, so hes _ fat. A .much too; too much B .too many; much too C. too much; too much D. too much ;much too【2013孝感】Why are you so tire

13、d these days? Well, I have _ homework to do. A. too much B. too manyC. much tooD. many too 【2013广西玉林】 The meat is _ delicious. Yes, but dont eat _. A. too much; too much B. much too; too much C. too much ; much too D. much too; much too【解析2】enough 的用法 (1) adj.足够的，充分的 修饰名词时，可放在名词之前或之后 enough time (2)

14、 adv. “足够地， 十分，相当” 修饰adj./adv,放在adj./adv 后 expensive enough (3) be +adj. +enough to do sth be strong enough to carry the box.( ) The boy isnt _ to dress himself. A. old enough B. enough old C. old( ) What do you think of the lecture of Li Yangs Crazy English? I think its _ , but someone thinks its m

15、uch too _. A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful; enough; boring D. enough wonderful ; bored5. drink some hot tea with honey. 喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶。【解析】with ：prep “具有， 带有” , 表示某物带有或具有某种特征。 She is a girl with long hair. with （反） without prep. 和.一起 I like to talk freely with my frien

16、ds. prep 用.， 表示“使用某种工具” Cut it with a knife.6. see a dentist and get an x- ray. 看牙医并且拍张x光。【解析1】see a dentist = go to a dentist看牙医 see a doctor = go to a doctor 看医生【解析2】X-ray/eks rei/n. X 射线；X 光 7. What should she do?她该怎么办呢？ Should I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗？【解析1】should “应该” 情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示责任和义务【

17、解析2】take ones temperature 量体温8. No, it doesnt sound like you have a fever. 不需要， 听起来你不像发烧了。【解析1】sound like 听起来像， 后接名词或名词性短语作表语。 【拓展】 “感官动词+ like feel like 摸起来像 smell like 闻起来像 look like 看起来像 taste like 尝起来像【解析2】fever/ fi:v:(r)/n.发烧 have a fever 发烧9. You need to take break away from the computer.你需要远离

18、电脑，休息休息。【解析】need v 需要 用于肯定句是实义动词 (1) need sth 需要某物 I need your help. (2) 人做主语，sb need to do sth 某人需要做某事 (3) 物做主语，sth need doing sth = sth need to be done 用于否定句是情态动词 neednt = dont have to 没有必要 must ,need 引导的疑问句肯定回答用 ( ) Must I hand in my exercise book now, Mr. Zhao? No, you _ .You may give it to me t

19、omorrow. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not9. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. 我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。【解析】without doing sth.10.If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. 如果你的头和脖子明天还疼的话， 就去看医生。【解析1】neck /nek/ n.颈；脖子neck and neck 不分上下，势均力敌【解析2】hurt /h3：(

20、r)t/ v. (hurt /h3：(r)t/) (使痛 ；受伤) 表示肉体感到疼痛或不适，使用时应用疼痛的具体部位作主语。 My leg hurts.11. At 9:00 a.m . yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 昨天上午9:00 , 26路公共汽车正沿着中华路行驶，这时，司机看见一位老人躺在马路上。【解析1】along/ down 相同点： prep “顺着；沿着” 不同点：along 强调顺

21、着水平方向 down 指“沿着下坡或者往南走”【解析2】see （saw , seen） v 看见 see sb. do sth 看见某人做某事 （看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生） see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 （强调动作正在发生）【解析3】lie/lai/v. (lay/lei/ )躺 ；平躺 lie lay lain v 躺下，(现在分词lying ). lie down 躺下 lie down and rest 躺下休息12.The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without th

22、inking twice. 公共汽车司机，24岁的王平，毫不犹豫的停下了车。【解析】24-year-old 24岁的“数词+名词+形容词”构成复合形容词，在句中作定语，用连字符后连接，名词用单数。( ) Tom,_ boy, is the only child of the family. A. a five years old B. a five-year-old C. a five-year-olds【2013黑龙江绥化】She is a _ girl with two big eyes. A. Six-years- old B. six-year - old C. Six years o

23、ld13. He got off and asked the woman what happened. 他下车问那名妇女发生了什么事。【解析】get off 下车 (反） get on 上车【2012江苏徐州】 Dont forget to take your bag when you _ the bus. A. get off B. take off C. turn off D. put off【拓展】与get相关的短语： get up起床 get back回来；取回 get over克服；度过 get onalong well with与相处融洽 get in a word插话 get t

24、o到达 14. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. 但令他吃惊的是，所有的乘客都同意和他一起去医院。【解析】surprise v 使吃惊surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 surprised adj. 吃惊的 surprise sb 使某人吃惊 The bad news surprised me. be surprised at 对感到吃惊 be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到惊讶 be surprised + that从句 因.而惊讶 Surprise n 惊讶” to ones surpri

25、se 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 【解析2】agree v (反)disagree agreement n同意(1) agree with sb. 同意某人 I agree with you.(2)agree to do sth 同意做某事 15. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers , the doctor saved the man in time. 多亏了王先生和乘客的帮助， 医生及时挽救了那位老人的生命。【解析1】 thanks to 对亏；由于thanks to为习语介词，thanks不可以改为，to后也不接， 这个短语表示

26、原因，意为“由于”、“多亏”，to表示感谢的对象 thanks for ，意为“因而感谢”，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或 v-ing thanks相当于 ，【解析2】on time 准时/in time 及时 on time= at exactly the right time.准时（在规定的时间之内） 强调与某个时刻一致in time = with enough time to spare/ not late及时（恰在时间点上）表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提前发生【记】She didnt catch the _, so she couldnt arrive there _.【短语

27、】at times=sometimes 有时 have a good time 玩得高兴 have time =be free 有空 all the time 一直 at the same time 同时 by the time 到时候for the first time 第一次 【句型】 Its time to do sth =Its time for sth 是该做某事的时间了 It takes sb. some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间s16. But the driver didnt think about himself. 但是这位司机完全没有考虑他自己。

28、 【解析】 think about 考虑；认为【短语】：think about 考虑 think of 想起 think over 仔细考虑 think up = come up with 想出【谚语】 Think before you act 三思而后行17. Bus No.26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road 26路公共汽车在中华路上撞到了一位老人【解析】hit/hit/v. (hit/hit/)( 用手或器具）击；打 hit sb. 击中/撞到某人 The ball hit him in the face.18. Do you agree that peo

29、ple often do not help others because they do not want to get into trouble? 人们常常不去帮助别人是因为他们不想惹麻烦。【解析】trouble/trbl/n .问题；苦恼 get into trouble造成麻烦（或烦恼） be in trouble 处于困境中 have trouble （in) doing sth做某事有困难19. Jenny cut herself . 珍妮伤着自己了【解析】herself/h3:(r)self/pron. (she 的反身代词）她自己 (2)反身代词的常见搭配：enjoy onese

30、lf=have fun =have a good time玩得高兴teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学 by oneself =alone 独自 help oneself to 随便吃 introduce oneself to 自我介绍(3)反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。20. Did you fall down ?你跌倒了吗？【解析】fall fell fallen v 落下； 跌落 fall down 摔倒，（强调“滑倒，摔倒”，指失去平衡而摔倒，后接宾 语时，应加上介词from She fell down from her bike fall off 指

31、从某物上跌落下来。 The girl fell off the bike. = The girl fell down from the b ike. fall into 落入 The leaf fell into the river. fall behind 落后fall in love with sb. 爱上某人fall asleep 入睡Section B1. Someone felt sick. 有人生病了。【解析】feel sick 生病；不舒服 sick /ill adj. 生病的 (1) sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语。 be si

32、ck of “讨厌；厌恶” sick person = patient“病人” (2) ill adj.“生病的”，只能放be (系动词)后作表语， be ill in hospital 生病住院 ill illness n.“病；疾病”2. Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing.阿伦. 罗尔斯是一名热爱登山运动的美国人。【解析1】 who 引导的定语从句定语从句：定义：用一个句子来修饰前面的名词或代词的句子，叫做定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词

33、之后。关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫做关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。He is the boy who/that often helps me.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语【2013吉林】5. Do you know the little boy _ is helping the old man cross the road? No. But how nice he is! A. which B. who C. whom【解析2】be interested in interest n 兴趣 interesting adj. 令人有兴趣的（表语/定语） interested adj.

34、对感兴趣（只做表语）interest v. 引起关注；使感兴趣 be interested in sth./ doing sth.对变得感兴趣 = show great interest in sth. / doing sth.表现出对的极大兴趣; (1) take/have an interest in =be interested in 对感兴趣(2) places of interest 名胜 lose interest in 失去兴趣3. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks.作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。【解析1】

35、as prep，作为，以身份。【2013淄博】7. _ a teacher, Mr. Wang thinks its very important to teach the students how to learn. A. From B. With C. As D. Of【解析2】be used to (doing)习惯于（做）；适应于（做）【用法】(1) use v.使用useful adj. 有用的 use up 用完Studying English is_(use).(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事We use Internet _(find) informat

36、ion.(3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。 I used to get up at six. (4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事My grandpa is used _(live) in country. (5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth Stamps is used _(post) letters.【记】 He used to wear glasses . But now he is used to wearing con

37、tact lenses. 他以前常戴（框架）眼镜，但现在习惯戴隐形眼镜。【2013湖北随州】33. How does Jack usually go to work?He _ drive a car, but now he _ there to lose weight.A. used to; is used to walk B. was used to; is used to walkingC. was used to; is used to walk D. used to; is used to walking【2013四川雅安】20. My parents getting up early

38、 on weekdaysA. used to B. be used to C. was used to D. are used to【2013黑龙江龙东】30. She live with her grandparents , but she doesnt now. A. used to B. is used to C. was used to【2013贵州安顺】18. She _ live alone. But she _ living alone because she feels lonely. A. used to; doesnt used to B. is used to; was

39、used to C. used to; is not used to D. was used to; doesnt used to3. This is one of the exciting things about doing dangerous sports.做危险的运动时令人兴奋的事情之一【解析】one of .之一【结构】“one of + the +adj.最高级 +n 复数” ， 做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。4. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents.很多次阿伦因为

40、出事故几乎丧命。【解析1】almost / nearly almost和nearly作为副词,都可以译为“差不多”、“几乎”、“将近”等。都是程度副词,可以用来修饰形容词、副词、动词和名词,有时它们可以相互取代【解析2】lose lost lost v 失去 lose ones life 失去生命【解析3】because of 由于； 因为【拓展】because/because of【记】：跟句子时用because ,加名词短语时用because of词性 用法because 连词后接句子because of 介词短语后接名词或/ving【注】： (1) because of +n/ving

41、/代词宾格(用于句中) Shes worried because of her son.(2) because conj +从句 （引导原因状语从句） He didnt go to school yesterday because he was ill.(3) because 还可以回答why 引导的句子 Why do you like pandas? Because they are cute.(4) because 和so 不能一起连用，二者只能用其一。5. On April 26,2003, he found himself in a very dangerous situation w

42、hen climbing in Utah.2003年4月26日，阿伦在犹他州登山的时候，发现自己处于一个极其危险的状态。【解析1】on 修饰具体的某一天 onaSundaymorning; onFriday【解析2】find found found v寻找 (1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事 (2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难6. On that day, Arons arm was caught under a 2,000 kilo rock

43、that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains.那天，阿伦在独自登山的时候，他的手臂被掉在他身上的2000多斤的岩石压住了。【解析】by oneself= alone = on ones own adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。7. But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 但是当他的水也用完的时候，他意识到他必须做些什么去挽救他自己的生命。【解析1】