2022年人教版英语八级上册第一单元短语语法知识点总结 .docx

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1、Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation.复习一般过去时复合不定代词的用法反身代词的用法系动词的用法动词后的 to do 和 doing 的区分ed 形容词和 ing 形容词的区分本单元中的主谓一样现象动词过去式的构成及不规章动词表用同义短语转换同义句时谓语动词形式一样性的培育；感叹句的结构和连词的挑选一、词组、短语：01、go on vacation 去度假,02、stay at home呆在家,03、go to the mountains上山 / 进山 ,04、go to the beach 到海边去,05、visit museums参观博物馆, 06、go

2、to summer camp去夏令营, 07、quite a few相当多,08、study for 为学习,09、go out 出去,10、most of the time大部分时间 / 绝大多数时间, 11、taste good 尝起来味道好,12、have a good time 玩的高兴,13、of course 当然可以,二、重要句子（语法） ：14、feel like 感觉像 / 想要, 15、go shopping 购物,16、in the past在过去,17、walk around 绕走,18、too many太多（可数名词前面） ,19、because of由于,20、on

3、e bowl of一碗 , 21、find out查出来 / 发觉 , 22、go on 连续,23、take photos照相,24、something important重要的事情,25、up and down 上上下下,26、come up 出来Where did you go on vacation. 你到哪里去度假了？ I went to New York City. 我去了纽约城Did you go out with anyone.你出去带人吗？No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation. 不,没有人在这儿；大家度去度假了；Did y

4、ou buy anything special. 你买了什么特殊的东西吗？Yes, I bought something for my father. 对,我给父亲买了一些东西；How was the food.食物怎么样？Everything tasted really good. 每一样东西真的都好吃；Did everyone have a good time. 大家玩的高兴吗？Oh, yes. Everything was excellent. 对,一切都很出色；三、习惯用法、搭配01. buy sth. for ab./ buy sb. sth.为某人买某物02. taste + ad

5、j. 尝起来03. nothing .but + V.原形 除了之外什么都没有04. seem + to be + adj看起来05. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at +小地方 到达某地06. decide to do sth.打算做某事07. try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力做某事08. enjoy doing sth.宠爱做某事09. want to do sth.想去做某事10. start doing sth.开头做某事11. stop doing sth.停止做某事12. look + adj 看起来13. disl

6、ike doing sth.不宠爱做某事14. Why not do sth.为什么不做 .呢？15. so + adj + that + 从句如此以至于16. tell sb. not to do sth.告知某人（不要）做某事17. keep doing sth.连续做某事18. forget to do sth.遗忘去做某事/ forget doing sth遗忘做过某事四、词语辨析：1. Where did you go on vacation.你去哪里度假了？（ P1）1）这是有疑问副词where 引导的特殊疑问句, where 用来询问地点和场所,放在句首；a.do you .你从

7、哪里来？b.does he. 他住在哪里？ 2） go on vacation 意为“去度假” ；I want in Hainan this winter. 今年冬天我想去海南度假；2. isited my uncle探望了我的叔叔（P1）visit 是及物动词,意为“拜望；探望”,后接表示人的名词或代词；visit 仍可以意为“参观；游玩” ,后接表示地点的名词；a.I visited my grandmother last week.上周我去了我的外婆；b.Do you want to visit Shanghai.你想上海吗？ 拓展： visitor 意为“参观者；游客” ；eg: Th

8、ese visitors come from America. 3. buy anything special买特殊的东西； （ P2）1） buy 及物动词,意为“买；购买” ；其过去式为；拓展： buy sth. for sb.=buy sb. sth.意为“给某人买某物” ；My uncle a bike.= My uncle for me.2) anything 不定代词,意为“某事；某件东西”,主要用于疑问句或否定句中；a.Do you want anything from me.b.I can t say anything about it.3) anthing special 表

9、示“特殊的东西” ,形容词修饰不定代词时后置；Is there in this book. 这本书里有新的内容吗？4. Oh, did you go anywhere interesting. 哦,你去好玩的地方了吗？（P2）1）本句是 did 开头的一般疑问句2） anywhere 用作副词,意为“在任何地方” ；eg： Did you go anywhere during the summer vacation？ 辨析： anywhere 与 somewhereanywhere 意为“在任何地方” ,常用于否定句和疑问句中；eg:I can t find it anywhere. some

10、where 意为“在某处；到某处” ,常用于确定句中；eg:I lost my key somewhere near here.5. We took quite a few photos there. 我们在那里拍了不少照片； （ P2）take photos意为“照相；拍照” ； eg:We on the Great Wall. 我们在长城上照了相；辨析： quite a few 与 quite a littlequite a few意为“很多 ;不少”,修饰可数名词复数； quite a little意为“很多 ;不少”,修饰不行数名词；a. He stays here for days.

11、b.There is water in the bottle 瓶子 .6. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.我大部分时间只是待在家里读书休息；（ P2） most of the time意为“大部分时间” ,其中 most 为代词,意为“大部分；大多数”；拓展 most of 意为“中的大多数”,它作主语时,谓语动词取决于most of 后所修饰的名词；a. Most of usbegoing to the park.我们大多数人要去公园；b. Most of the foodgobad.大部分的食物都变质了；7

12、. Everything tasted really good. 全部的东西尝起来真的很好吃！ （ P3） taste 在此为系动词,意为“尝起来”,其后接形容词构成系表结构；a.The food tastes really great. 食物尝起来棒极了；8. Did everyone have a good time. 大家都玩得很高兴吗？（P3）have a good time = enjoy oneself = have fun玩得高兴 （ + doing） eg: We had a good time visiting the the Great Wall.= We enjoyed

13、ourselves visiting the the Great Wall.= We had fun visiting the the Great Wall.9. How did you like it.你觉得它怎么样？（ P3）How do/did you like . 意为“你觉得怎么样？” ,用来询问对方的观点或看法,相当于What do you think of .eg: How do you like your new job.= your new job.10. Did you go shopping.你们去购物了吗？（ P3）go shopping 意为“去购物；去买东西”,同义

14、短语为do some shopping. eg: I usually go shopping on Sundays.我通常星期天去购物；拓展：“ go+doing”形式表示“去做某事” ,常用于表达从事某一体育活动或休闲活动；go skating 去滑冰go hiking去go sightseeing 去观光go fishing去钓鱼go swimming去游泳go boating去划船11.I went to a friend s farm in the countryside with my family.我和家人一起去了乡下一个伴侣的农场；（P3）a friend s farm 是名词全

15、部格形式；一般情形下,表示“有生命的人或物”的名词后面加s,表示所属关系；eg:The red bike is Alice s. 那辆红色的自行车是爱丽斯的；拓展：名词全部格的构成：1）单数名词词尾加 s ,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加 sthe girl s pen 女孩的钢笔women s shoes 女鞋on Children s Day 2）复数名词以 s 结尾的只加 the students reading room 同学阅览室Teachers Day 老师节3） 假如两个名词并列,并且分别有s,就表示“分别有” ；只后一个名词有一个s,就表示“共有” ：John s and Kate

16、 s rooms.约翰和凯特（各自）的房间；Lily and Lucy s father.莉莉和露西的爸爸（同一个爸爸）；4） 表示无生命的名词一般以.of. 构成短语,表示全部关系；a map of China 一幅中国地图the name of the story那个故事的名字12. Still no one seemed to be bored. 即使这样 仍旧没有人看起来无聊； （ P3） 1） seem 意为“似乎；似乎；看来” ；eg： Everything seems easy.一切似乎很简单；拓展 a. seem+adj. “看起来” ；You seem happy today

17、.你今日看起来很兴奋；b. seem+to do sth.“似乎,似乎做某事” ；I seem to have a cold.我似乎感冒了；c. It seems/seemed+ 从句 “看起来似乎；似乎”；It seems that no one believes you. 看起来似乎没有人信任你；2） 辨析： bored 与 boringa. bored 意为“厌烦的；感到无聊的” ,一般在句中修饰人；b. boring 意为“无聊的；令人厌烦的” ,一般在句中修饰事或物；eg： a. I mwith what he said. 我对他说的话厌烦极了；b. I find the story

18、 very. 我发觉这个故事太无聊了；（二） Section B1. What activities do you find enjoyable.你发觉什么活动让人欢乐？（P5） 1） activities 是 activity 的复数形式,意为“活动” ；Students like outdoor activities. 2） enjoyable 形容词,意为“开心的；欢乐的”；I m sure we will have an enjoyable vacation.我确信我们将会有一个开心的假期；2. I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning

19、with my family. 今日早上我和家人到达了马来西亚的槟城； （ P5 arrive 不及物动词,意为“到达” ；arrive in 表示到达较大的地方,如国家、省、市等； arrive at 表示到达较小的地方,如机场、商店、广场、村庄等； （注：地点副词 home , here, there 前介词省略）辨析： arrive in+ 大地点 / arrive at+ 小地点 get to +地点 reach+地点eg： I到达 school at 8： 00 o clock yesterday.3. so we decided to go to the beach near ou

20、r hotel 因此我们打算到旅社邻近的海滩上去；（ P5）decide to do sth. 意为“打算做某事” ； eg: They the museum. 他们打算去参观博物馆；拓展： decide 后常跟“疑问词 +动词不定式” 做宾语； He cant decide when leave他不能打算何时动身；4. My sister and I tried paragliding. 姐姐和我尝试了滑翔伞运动； （P5）try 此处用作及物动词,其后常接名词、动名词或不定式,意为“尝试；试图,设法；努力”She is trying my bicycle.她正在试骑我的自行车；拓展： tr

21、y 也可用作名词,意为“尝试” ,常用短语“ have a try”,意为“试一试” ；I want to have a try. 我想试一试；辨析： try doing sth. / try to do sth.1） try doing sth.尝试做某事,表示一种尝试、做做看的想法,不肯定付出很多努力；2） try to do sth. 尽力、设法去做某事,表示想尽一切方法要把事情办成,强调付出努力设法去完成；a. I him, but no one answered.我试着给他打电话了,但没有人接听；b. I m English well.我正尽力把英语学好；5. I felt like

22、 I was a bird. It was so exciting.我感觉自己就像一只小鸟；太刺激了！（P5）1） feel like 意为“给的感觉；感受到” ；其后常接从句；eg: He feels like he is swimming.他感觉像在游泳一样；拓展： feel like 仍可意为“想要” ,其后可接名词、代词或动名词；即：feel like sth.想要某物feel like doing sth.想要做某事eg： Do you feel like a cup of tea now.你现在想要一杯茶吗？Do you feel liketake a walk in the pa

23、rk with me.你想跟我在公园漫步吗？2） 辨析： exciting 与 excitedexciting意为“令人兴奋的,使人兴奋的”, 一般修饰某物；excited意为“感到兴奋的,兴奋的” ,一般修饰某人；Eg： a.The story isexciting, excited . b.He told me theexciting, excitednews.c.Sarah wasexciting, excitedto see the singer.6. There are a lot of new buildings now 现在有很多新的建筑物（P5） building可数名词 ,意

24、为“建筑物；楼房” ；build动词,“建造,建筑”（ built , built ）,The workers built many tall buildings in our school last year.7. I wonder what life was like here in the past.我想知道在这儿过去的生活是什么样的；（ P5）wonder 此处是及物动词,意为“想知道；琢磨”；其后常接 who, what, why 等疑问词引导的宾语从句；Eg： 1.I wonder.我想知道那个男孩是谁；A. the boy is whoB. who the boy is2. I

25、wonder what they were doing here.我想知道他去哪里了；8.I really enjoyed walking around the town.我真的很宠爱在镇上处处走走；（P5）1） enjoy 及物动词,意为“宠爱；观赏；享受的乐趣”,其后接名词,代词或动名词作宾语；a. Do you enjoy your job.你宠爱你的工作吗？b. I enjoy reading books.我宠爱读书； enjoy doing sth. 宠爱做某事 拓展： enjoy oneself =have a good time = have fun玩得高兴 （ + doing

26、sth.）2） walk around意为“四处走走” ；He s just walking around the village. 他只是在村庄里任凭走走；9. What a difference a day makes.一天的变化有多大呀！（ P5）difference 可数名词,意为“差别,差异”；其形容词形式为different ,意为“不同的；有差异的” ；Eg: a. What is the difference between this book and that book.b. My schoolbag is different from yours. be different

27、 from意为“与不同” 10. We wanted to walk up to the top , but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train.（ P5）1） want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”；2） start doing sth.意为“开头做某事”,同义短语： start to do sth.Eg: Tom started learning English last year.3） a little意为“一点儿” ,在句中修饰动词、形容词或副词；也可以修饰不行数名词；Eg: a.

28、I can draw a little, but only as a hobby. b. It s a little cold outside. c. He can speak a little English. 4) take the train 意为“乘火车” , take 在此意为“乘坐” ；11. We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people.由于人太多,所以我们等了一个多小时的火车； （ P5）1） wait for 意为“等候” ,其后可接人或物；Tom was waiting for

29、 a bus over there.2） over 介词,意为“多于；超过”,相当于 more than ；Eg : My father is over 40 years old.There are over eight hundred students in our school.3too many 意为“太多” ,其后接可数名词复数；He always has too many questions to ask me.辨析： too many + 可数名词复数意为“太多 . ” too much + 不行数名词意为“太多 . ” much too + 形容词意为“太 . ” eg： I h

30、avehomework to do today.12. And because of the bad weather, we couldn t see anything below. 而且由于坏天气,我们也没能看到下面的任何景色（ P5）辨析： because of 与 becausea. because of 意为“由于,由于” ,后可接名词、代词或动名词,不能接句子；He lost his job because of his age.b. because 意为“由于” ,引导状语从句,即接句子；I didn t buy the shirt because it was too expen

31、sive.13. My father didn t bring enough money 我爸爸没带足够的钱（P5） 1）辨析： bring 与 takebring 意为“带来；拿来” , 指从别处带到说话者所在地；take 意为“拿走；带走” , 指从说话者所在地带到别处去；2） enough 意为“足够的,充分的”1. 用来修饰形容词或副词,一般置于被修饰词之后；2. 用来修饰名词时可放在形容词前面或后面； Eg： a. We have enough time to do our homework.b. The box is big enough.14. because we forgot

32、 to bring an umbrella 由于我们忘了带雨伞； （ P6） 辨析： forget to do sth. 与 forget doing sth.forget to do sth.意为“遗忘要做某事（事情仍没做）”eg: Don t forget to close the window. forget doing sth.意为“遗忘做过某事（事情已经做过了）”eg: I forget closing the window.15. About one hour later, we stopped and drank some tea.大约一小时后,我们停下来喝了些茶；（ P6） 1

33、） one hour later一小时后 ；一小时前 2） stop 动词,意为“停止；中断”,过去式,现在分词；3） drink 及物动词,意为“喝；饮” ； 仍可以作名词,意为“饮料” ；16. Did you dislike anything.你不宠爱什么东西吗？（P7）dislike 意为“不宠爱；厌恶” ,其后可接名词、代词或动名词形式作宾语；Eg： a. Marythe hamburgers.玛丽不宠爱汉堡包；b. I computer我不宠爱玩电脑嬉戏；17. Why not.为什么不带呀？（ P8）why not 意为“为什么不呢” ,一般用在疑问句中,表示提建议；why no

34、t 后面需跟动词原形；注“ Why not + 动词原形 .” 相当于“ Why don t you+动词原形 .”a. Why not go to the party with me. =Why don t you go to the party with me.为什么不和我一起去参与聚会呢？b. take a walk. = take a walk.为什么不去漫步呢？18. Everyone in our class took a bag with some food and water.我们班上的每一个人都随身带了装有食物和水的提袋；（P8）with 介词,意为“具有；带有” ； 此处介

35、词短语with some food and water作 bag 的后置定语；拓展： with 作介词时的其他用法：a. “和一起I often go to schoolmy friend.我常常和伴侣们一起去上学；b. 以（手段、材料） ,用（工具） ,Cut the apple with a knife.用刀切苹果；19. My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop.我的双腿太累了以至于我都想停下来；（ P8） so that / such that （如此以致）引导的结果状语从句so+adj./adv.+that Eg： 1. He islov

36、ely a boywe love him very much.2. The little boy is so young that he can t go to school. 20. 常用的感叹句的结构：1） What +adj.+ 复数名词 /不行数名词 +主语 +谓语！ 2） What +a/an+adj.+ 可数名词单数 +主语 +谓语！ 3） How +adj. +a/an+ 可数名词单数 +主语 +谓语！ 4） How+adj./adv. + 主语 +谓语！eg: 1.What an interesting book it is.=How interesting a book is

37、.那本书多么好玩啊！2. a clever girl she is.A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.Where3. clever a girl she is.A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.Where 4.important jobs they have done.A.WhatB.WhoC.How D.Where5.sweet water it is.A.WhoB.WhatC.Where D. How 6.interesting the dog is.A.WhoB.What C. Where D. How21. My classmates told me to keep going,

38、so I went on.我的同学告知我坚持往前走,因此我便连续前进了（ P8）1） tell sb. notto do sth.意为“告知某人（不要）做某事；The teacher the window just now.老师刚才告知我们擦窗户；2） keep doing sth.意为“连续做某事,始终做某事”；SheTV for two hours last night.昨晚她连续看了两个小时的电视；23. Everyone jumped up and down in excitement.大家都兴奋地跳起来； （ P8） up and down意为“上上下下；来来回回” ,在句中作状语；

39、Eg： They looked me .他们上上下下端详我；He walks in the room.他在房间里来回走动；22. 反身代词： myself , ourselves, yourself , yourselves, himself,herself, itself, themselves.作动词或介词的宾语：常常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, dress, kill等动词和 by, for, to, of 等介词后作宾语；一年主考宾语回自身He is teaching himself English. 她在自学英语；She was talki

40、ng to herself. 她自言自语；He lives by himself in the country. 他独自住在乡下；1) Help yourself.请任凭吃吧！ / 请自己去取吧 .2) Make yourself at home.别客气！3) make yourself heard /understood.使你被人听得见 / 懂得4) teach oneself自学 =learn by oneself5) by oneself独自6) for oneself为自己；替自己7) enjoy oneself玩的开心8 dress oneself给自己穿衣23. few, little, a few, a little：的用法 few, a few 修饰可数名词, little, a little修饰不行数名词； few, little 具有否定意义,表示“几乎没有” , a few, a little 具有确定意义,表示“一些” ；He has little money, but few students want to lend money to him.他几乎没有钱,但是几乎没有同学想借钱给他；There is a little milk and a few apples left in the fridge.冰箱里仍有一些牛奶和一些苹果；