2022年l主谓一致讲解全面主谓一致讲解.docx

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1、精品学习资源主谓一样是指：主谓一样的讲解欢迎下载精品学习资源1） 语法形式上要一样，即名词单复数形式与谓语要一样；2） 意义上要一样，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一样；一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一样1. 由 and 连接主语时And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不行数名词或代词作主语时依据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数1) 并列主语表示 不同 的人、物或概念时谓语动词用 复数Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rush

2、ed there in search of gold.小流浪汉和顽皮的小男孩也赶到那里查找金子Both rice and wheat are grown in this area.2) 并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式；The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授兼作家正在会上发言A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor.一位新闻记者兼作家His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his

3、 trip to Europe.他的律师兼高校时代的伴侣陪他去欧洲旅行The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet.总理兼外长比较： the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school.His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe.留意： 指同一个人或物时，

4、并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可A boy and girl are playing tennis.3) 并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数Each doctor and each nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity.有权参加Every boy and every g

5、irl admires him for his fine sense of humour.Many a boy and many a girl has made the same mistakeNo boy and no girl is there now. 没有任何男孩和女孩在那里留意： many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为许多Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4并列主语为不行分的整体时，谓语动词用单数A law and rule about protecting environment has be

6、en drawn up.关于爱惜环境的法律法规已经起草完成；The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好War and peace is a constant theme in history战争与和平是历史永恒的主题留意；常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer 一副杯碟A horse and cart 马车A knife and fork一副刀叉欢迎下载精品学习资源A law and rule 法规A needle and thread 一套针线Fish and chips 炸鱼加炸薯条The stars and stripes 星条旗2

7、. 由eitheror 或 neither nor 等连接的主语时由 either or, neither nor, or, not only butalso 连接主语时，谓语动词陈述句中就近原就Either you or Jane is to be sent to New York. 要么你要么简被派往纽约Neither you nor he has finished the experiment.Neither the teacher nor the students like this piece of music.都不宠爱这首曲子Not only the old farmer but

8、also his family were friendly to me.Not only his friends but also he himself is looking forward to taking part in the party.3. 主语由确定否定两部分构成谓语跟确定部分走Not you but I am to answer the question I, not you, am to answer the question.二、单一主语的主谓一样1. 名词本身自带 s 作主语时1）学科名词 : physics 物理 mathematics/maths 数学 economi

9、cs 经济学 politics 政治学新闻； news体操： GymnasticsAs we know, Physics is a fundamental subject in science. 物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科Mathematics is a required course for middle school students. 数学是中同学的一门必修课Einstein once said ,“ Politics is much more difficult than physics.”留意 ：当 mathematics 表示运算时 谓语动词用单数复数都可If my mathe

10、matics is/are right, the answer is 56. 假如我的运算正确，答案就是56 The television news is at 7 o clock in the evening every dayGymnastics is my sister s favourite sport2有些名词单复数同行依据是单数概念仍是复数概念判定谓语means 方式方法 aircraft 飞机works 工厂 crossroads十字路口 deer 鹿 sheep 羊 fish 鱼This works was build in 1982这座工厂是By far, three ste

11、elworks have been closed down in this city This means of transport has been triedAll possible means have been tried3）由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数chopsticks 筷子compasses圆规glasses眼镜gloves 手套Jeans牛仔裤pants 裤子scissors剪子shoes 鞋子shorts 短裤socks 短袜trousers 裤子My trousers are white and his clothes are black. 我的裤子是白色

12、的他的衣服是黑色的Why are your shoes so dirty.留意；假如这些词由单位词（ a pair of , a suit of , a piece of , a kind of等）修饰时 ， 单位词的单复数准备谓语动词的单复数A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.4) 表示国家、人名、书名、组织机构等的专出名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数The united States is a developed country欢迎下载精品学习资源Th

13、e New York Times is widely read in the world.5) 以-s 结尾的群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等专出名词谓语动词用复数The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plants. 植物种类繁多The Niagara Falls are splendid waterfalls.6) 以-S 结尾的名词作主语时谓语动词用复数belongings 财产clothes 衣服 plastics earnings 收入goods 货物leavings 剩余savings 储存All the goods are very exp

14、ensive.2. 集体名词作主语时1） mankind, humanity, man 作主语时，谓语一般用单数Only man knows how to cook.只有人懂得烹饪2） people, police, cattle, youth等作主语时，只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义谓语动词用复数The police are investigating the riot.正在调查暴乱大事The cattle are grazing the the field 正在牧场吃草Many cattle were killed for this.就由于这个缘由宰了不少牲畜【注】 people 作民族

15、讲时有复数形式.如： There are 56 peoples in China3） family, crowd等作主语时，依据概念确定谓语动词这类集体名词有：Army ， assembly 议会集会 audience band class club committee company congress 议会youth crew 全体工作人员 crowd enemy family gang 团伙 government group herd 牧群jury population public team 强调整体用单数谓语强调个体用复数谓语The family is going to move to

16、 New YorkThe family have different opinions about their going abroadThe football club committee arranges all the matches The football club committee have decided to dismiss him.比较：A family , a group , a class 做主语时用单数谓语Families, groups, classes 作主语时用复数谓语A group is coming to the zoo. 一队人正朝着动物园走来4） bag

17、gage / luggage 行李 , clothing 衣服 , , machinery 机器 , poetry 诗 , scenery风景 , jewelry 珠宝 , equipment设备 等,是不行数名词 ,只用单数形式 ,不用不定冠词 当然更不能用数词 Ourclothingprotectsusfromagainstthecold.我 们 的 衣 服 可 以 御 寒 . Haveyoucheckedallyourbaggage.你 所 有行 李 都 托运 了 吗 .【注】 machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery 等相应的个体可数名词是machine,

18、 poem, jewel,scene等.如： a poem / a piece of poetry 一首诗 ,many machines / much machinery / many pieces ofmachinery许多机器.5 ）hair的用法hair头发 ,毛发 指全部头发或毛发时 ,为集合名词 不行数 ；指 几 根 头 发 或 毛 发 时 , 为 个 体 名 词 可 数 ： My hair has grown very long. 我 的 头 发 已 长 得 很 长 了 . The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发 .6 ）fru

19、it的用法欢迎下载精品学习资源fruit 水 果 作 为 集 合 名 词 , 它 通 常 是 不 可 数 的 ： He doesn t eat much fruit. 他 不 大 吃 水 果 . He is growing fruit in the country. 他 在 乡 下 种 水 果 . 但是 ,当要表示种类时 ,它可视为可数名词 ,即 a fruit 指一种水果 ,fruits 指多种水果 .比较：Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚 .3. 非谓语动词或从句作主语时1）非谓语动词或从句作主语时谓语动词用单数To improve agricul

20、tural land needs a lot of money. 改善耕地质量需要投入大量的资金To see is to believeSwimming is a good way to keep healthHow they will solve the problem remains to be seen Whether she will come is not known2多个非谓语动词作主语，表达一个概念谓语用单数，表达不同概念谓语用复数Going to be early and getting up early is good for your health.早睡早起一个概念Read

21、ing books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure. 读书和打乒乓球Listening, speaking, reading and writing are all important.To be strict with oneself and to be kind to others are good qualities of a person三、其他情形的主谓一样1.表示距离、时间、长度、金额、质量等的复数名词作主语常常被看作是整体谓语动词用单数这类复数名词有： miles, dollars, pounds, kilograms

22、 公斤千克 , kilometres 公里 , centimetres, 厘M millimetres毫 M, seconds, hours, years 等Five dollars seems a fair price 是一个公道的价格Two kilometres is not very far for the young man Five hours is a short time for such a difficult job 2.假如强调数目谓语动词用复数One hundred cents make a dollarMore than twenty years have passed

23、 since they got married. 3.算数中的谓语动词一般用单数形式，有时也用复数Five times eight is/are fortyFour and eight makes/make twelve Sixty minus seven leaves fifty-three Forty-eight divided by six is eight4. 复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数Everyone something anybody nowhere Everyone in the class was surprised at the news Listen. Someon

24、e is knocking at the door.Is anyone going to tell him the news.5. each one of , every one of , anyone of ,one of ,等作主语时谓语用单数Each of the girl in our class has a balloon我们班每个女孩都有一个气球Each of the students was asked to speak for three minutes. Every one of them is familiar to me.我对他们都很熟识6.each , every 作形

25、容词修饰主语时谓语动词用单数但是 each 作复数主语的同位语时谓语用复数Each/Every boy in our class has a skateboard 一副滑板They each have a stateboard欢迎下载精品学习资源Each/Every student has an English-Chinese dictionary The students each have an English-Chinese dictionary7.none of + 不行数名词 谓语用单数none of,neither of, + 可数名词复数 /复数代词 + 谓语动词单数复数都可ei

26、ther of ,None of that money in the desk is his不行数名词None of his classmates knows the truth.= None of his classmates know the truthNeither of the statements is true = Neither of the statements are true两种说法没有一个真实Either of the qualifications is acceptable = Either of the qualifications are acceptable 8.

27、neither 与 either 做形容词修饰单数名词时谓语动词用单数Either qualification is acceptable两种资格中的任何一种都可以接受Neither qualification is acceptable9.分数百分数 + of +名词， some of , plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most of, the rest of, allof, halfof 谓语常与 of 后面的名词一样分数 /百分数 + of + 复数名词 / 复数代词 谓语动词用复数分数 /百分数 + of + 单数名词 /单数代词谓语动词用单数不行数名词T

28、wo thirds of the students support the plan 复数名词One tenth of them are suffering from this kind of illness.复数代词Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea 单数名词Eighty percent of the employees in the company are from Beijing百分数复数名词Thirty percent of its area is flooded each year. 百分数单数名词The rest of

29、the money belongs to you The rest of the students speak for it.Half of the apple is rotten Half of the apples are rotten10.more than one结构作主语时More than one+ 单数名词 谓语用单数More + 复数名词 + than one 谓语用复数More than two + 复数名词 谓语用复数More than one white rose has bloomed in the garden More white roses than one ha

30、ve bloomed in the gardenMore than two white roses have bloomed两个以上的的白玫瑰开了11.a number of + 复数名词 谓语用复数 许多的The number of + 名词 谓语动词用单数 的数量A number of trees are green in AprilA great number of tourists have been to the Great WallA large number of worker were out of work because the factory was destroyed

31、in flood.The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten. The number of workers who were out of work was 1,000.12.there/here 引导句子时就近原就There are some chairs and a table in the room欢迎下载精品学习资源There is a table and some chairs in the room Here are some gifts for youHere is a book, a pen an

32、d some paper for you. 13.当主语后接修饰语时With, along with, together with, but, besides, except, like, including, in addition to, as well as,rather than, 谓语动词与前面的主语保持一样A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift被作为礼物送给了这个国家The teacher, along with her students, is going to attend th

33、e lecture 听报告A peasant, together with some soldiers, is about to help us. All but one have arrived here. 除了一个人外全部人都到了No one except two students was late for class. 再没有其他人上课迟到The garage, in addition to the house, was burned.She as well as the other girls is going to another supermarked. You as well a

34、s I are wrong.The father, rather than the brother, is responsible. 父亲而不是兄弟们应当负责14.The+ 形容词做主语时表示一类人用复数谓语 表示抽象概念用单数谓语The injured were carried away on stretchers. 用担架抬走了The old are more likely to catch cold than the young The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.The young are always f

35、ull of vitality布满了活力The unknown is always something to be feared 未知的东西总是令人可怕The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true. 美未必是善 善未必是真The true is to be distinguished from the false 真应与假相区分The good is what people like人们总是宠爱美好的东西In many stories, the good are well rewarded a

36、nd the bad are punished. 好人有好报坏人有怀抱15. all 做主语时指一切表示单数概念用单数谓语，指具体人或物用复数谓语All has been tried 一切都试过了All were silent大家都一言不发All was silent 万籁俱寂All are here now 大家都在16. 由 a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of,名词 +of this kind, a type of a sort of谓语动词依据 of 后面的名词来定A new type of machine is on show now. Machines of this kind are made in Wuhan欢迎下载