北京导游词：六大景点英文导游词之十三陵.docx

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1、北京导游词：六大景点英文导游词之十三陵 北京导游词 北京导游词考试 Atadistanceof50kmnorthwestofBeijingstandsanarc-shapedclusterofhillsfrontedbyasmallplain.Hereiswhere13emperorsoftheMingdynasty(1368-1644)wereburied,andtheareaisknownastheMingTombs. Constructionofthetombsstartedin1409andendedwiththefalloftheMingDynastyin1644.Inover200

2、yearstombswerebuiltoveranareaof40squarekilometres,whichissurroundedbywallstotalling40kilometres.EachtombislocatedatthefootofaseparatehillandislinkedwiththeothertombsbyaroadcalledtheSacredWay.ThestonearchwayatthesouthernendoftheSacredWay,builtin1540,is14metreshighand19metreswide,andisdecoratedwithdes

3、ignsofclouds,wavesanddivineanimals. BeijingservedasthenationalcapitalduringtheYuan,MingandQingdynasties.UnlikeMingandQingrulerswhoallbuiltmassivetombsforthemselves,Yuanrulersleftnosimilarburialgrounds.Whythedifference? Thishastodowithpeoplesdifferentviewsondeath.BeijingnomadscamefromtheMongolianstep

4、pe.MongolswhoestablishedtheYuanDynastyheldthebeliefthattheyhadcomefrom:earth.theyadoptedasimplefuneralmethod:thedeadwasplacedinsideahollowednanmutree,whichwasthenburiedundergrassland.Growthofgrasssoonleftnotracesofthetombs. Bycontrast,duringtheMingDynastyestablishedbyHanChinesecomingfromanagricultur

5、alsocietyincentralChina,peoplebelievedtheexistenceofanafter-world,wherethedeadlivedalifesimilartothatoftheliving.Mingemperor,therefore,hasgrandmausoleumsbuiltforthemselves.Qingrulersdidlikewise. StoneArchway ThestonearchwayatthesouthernendoftheSacredWay,builtin1540,is14metreshighand19metreswide,andi

6、sdecoratedwithdesignsofclouds,wavesanddivineanimals.Well-proportionedandfinelycarved,thearchwayisoneofthebestpreservedspecimensofitskinkintheMingDynasty.ItisalsothelargestancientstonearchwayinChina. StelePavilion TheStelePavilion,notfarfromtheGreatPalaceGate,isactuallyapavilionwithadouble-eavedroof.

7、OnthebackofthesteleiscarvedpoetrywrittenbyEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynastywhenhevisitedtheMingTombs. SacredWay TheSacredWayinsidethegateoftheMingTombislinedwith18pairsofstonehumanfiguresandanimals.Theseincludefoureachofthreetypesofofficials:civil,militaryandmeritoriousofficials,symbolizingthosewhoass

8、isttheemperorintheadministrationofthestate,plusfoureachofsixiypesofanimals:lion,griffin,camel,elephant,unicornandhorse. YonglingTomb Yongling,builtin1536,isthetombforEmperorShizong,ZhuHoucong(1507-1566).Hestayedinpowerfor45years. DinglingTomb TheDinglingTombisthetombofEmperorWanli(reigned1573-1619),

9、the13themperoroftheMingDynasty,whosepersonalnamewasZhuYijun,andofhistwoempresses,XiaoDuanandXiaoJing.Thetombwascompletedinsixyears(1584-1590),itoccupiesatotalareaof1,195squaremetersatthefootofDayuMountainsouthwestoftheChanglingTomb. MaolingTomb EmperorXianzong,ZhuJianshen,andhisthreeempressesareento

10、mbedwithinMaoling.ZhuJianshen(1447-1487)wasthefirstsonofEmperorYingzong.Hestayedinpowerfor22years. Wehavecoveredsomeofthemostsignificanttombsofthe13Mingtombsinthetour.Ifyouarealsointerestedintheothertombs,thebestwayistocomeandexperienceyourself.ChanglingTomb ChanglingisthetombofemperorYongle(reigned

11、1403-1424),thethirdemperoroftheMingDynastywhosepersonalnamewasZhuDi,andofhisempress.Builtin1413,themausoleumextendsoveranareaof101,000squaremetres.Thesoultower,whichtellspeoplewhosetombitis,restsonacircularwallcalledthecityoftreasureswhichsurroundstheburialmound.ThecityoftreasuresatChanglinghasaleng

12、thofmorethanakilometre. UndergroundPalace TheundergroundpalaceatDinglingTombconsistsofanantechamber,aceniralchamberandarearchamberplustheleftandrightannexes.Oneofthepicturesshowsthecentralchamberwherethesacrificialutensilsareondisplay.Twomarbledoorsaremadeofsingleslabsandcarvedwithlife-sizehumanfigures,flowersandbirds.Morethan3,000articleshavebeenunearthedfromthetumulus,themostpreciousbeingthegoldencrownsoftheemperorandhisqueen. 第6页 共6页第 6 页 共 6 页第 6 页 共 6 页第 6 页 共 6 页第 6 页 共 6 页第 6 页 共 6 页第 6 页 共 6 页第 6 页 共 6 页第 6 页 共 6 页第 6 页 共 6 页第 6 页 共 6 页