19-20 Module 6 Section Ⅲ　Grammar——非限制性定语从句&定语从句的省略.doc

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1、1Section Grammar非限制性定语从非限制性定语从句句&定语从句的省略定语从句的省略语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.The Great Wall of China is the longest manmade structure (which was)ever built in the world.2.The Three Gorges Dam，which is the biggest construction project in China since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal，has bee

2、n built to control flooding and provide hydroelectric power for the central region of China.3.Sun Yatsen，who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution，first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919.1.2、3 句中，关系词前面均有逗号，它们为非限制性定语从句。2.1 句中的定语从句可转换为过去分词短语。一、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句用来对先行词作补充说明。没有它

3、，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不密切，它与先行词之间常用逗号隔开。需注意的是，that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。1关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句(1)which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。China Daily attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.中国日报有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。(2)who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。Li Hua，who i

4、s our monitor，was praised by our teacher yesterday.2李华是我们的班长，昨天被我们的老师表扬了。(3)whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，一般不能省略。Peter，whom you met in London，is going to Paris next week.你在伦敦见过的那个彼得，下周将要去巴黎。(4)whose 既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，先行词是人时，whosen.相当于 then.of whom。先行词是物时，whosen.相当于then.of which。The books on the desk，whose cov

5、er are shiny，are prizes for us.桌上那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。(5)as 既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。As we all know，smoking is harmful to peoples health.众所周知，吸烟对人的健康有害。名师点津as/which 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：(1)as 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句，从句可以位于句首、句中和句末；而 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句又可以是主句的一部分，从句只能位于先行词之后。She is always working har

6、d，as everyone can see.正如大家所看到的那样，她一直工作很努力。The book，which I bought yesterday，is very instructive.这本书是我昨天买的，很有教育意义。As everyone can see，she is honest.她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。She is honest，which everyone can see.她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。(2)as 引导非限制性定语从句时常被译为“正如” ，多用于固定搭配中： as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as

7、 often happens(正如经常发生的那样)，as is known to all(众所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。而 which 常被译为“这一点，那” ，3并且主句和从句常存在逻辑上的因果关系。Tom was always late for school，which made his teacher very angry.汤姆上学总是迟到，这让他的老师很生气。As can be seen from his face，he is quite pleased.从他的表情可以看出来，他

8、非常高兴。2关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句当先行词指时间或地点时，且在定语从句中作状语时，用 when，where 引导非限制性定语从句，why 不引导非限制性定语从句，但可用 for which 代替。We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。Opposite is St Pauls Church，where you can hear some lovely music.对面是圣保罗大教堂，在那里你可以听到一些美

9、妙的音乐。3 “名词/代词介词关系代词(which/whom)” 结构此类结构常见的有 some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the largest.of which/whom 等形式。Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.就人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出了许多理论，但没有一项理论得到过证明。Many young people，most of whom were welleducate

10、d，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。即时演练 1 单句语法填空John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.My friend，who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life，is retiring next month.As we all know，China is a

11、developing country.4My uncle gave me a book，the cover of which is very beautiful.二、定语从句的省略1省略作宾语、表语的关系代词在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作宾语或表语时，关系代词可以省略。The boy (that/who/whom) we saw last night was Li Ming.我们昨晚见到的那个男孩是李明。John is not the naughty boy (who/that) he used to be.约翰不再是当年那个淘气的男孩子了。2省略作介词宾语的关系代词This is

12、the hero(that/who/whom)we are proud of.这是我们引以为荣的英雄。3省略作状语的关系代词及介词关系代词They admired the way (that/in which) she dealt with the crisis.他们佩服她处理这场危机的方式。名师点津(1)当关系代词 whom 和 which 直接位于介词之后时，whom/which 不能省略。(2)非限制性定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略。三、定语从句可转换为各种短语有些定语从句可以转换为各种短语，如分词短语、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语及动词不定式短语，且句意不受影响

13、。There are still many problems that must be solved.There are still many problems to solve.还有许多问题需要解决。The people who live in the village have moved to other areas.The people living in the village have moved to other areas.住在村子里的人们已经搬到其他地方了。The house which was damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon.

14、The house damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon.5在火灾中损坏的房子不久将被重建。The question which will be discussed tomorrow is whether workers salary should be increased.The question to be discussed tomorrow is whether workers salary should be increased.明天要讨论的问题是工人薪水是否应该增加。即时演练 2 单句语法填空Theres a note pinned to

15、 the door saying (say) when the shop will open again.The airport to be completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.The houses being built (build) are for the teachers.单句语法填空1The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.2The meeting，which w

16、as held in the park，was attended by 1，000 people.3They came to China in the 1970s，when China was not open to the outside world.4As is known to everybody，the moon travels around the earth once every month.5English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of which uses it differently.6She

17、 gave another piece of advice，which I think is of great help to the research work.7She showed the visitors around the museum，whose construction had taken more than three years.8Julie enjoyed reading when young.She grew up in a key middle school in her city，where her parents both taught Chinese.9My a

18、unt，whom you met in the supermarket，has gone to London on business.610Even today the books printed (print) at the time are valuable and treasured by libraries and book collectors.单句改错1There are many students play basketball on the playground.playplaying2The results of the experiment proved to be ver

19、y good，that was more than we expected.thatwhich3Which weve seen，oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth.WhichAs4Mr.Smith，from who I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist.whowhom5What can I do to rescue the girl trapping in the big fire？trappingtrapped6This is a high mountain，the top of whose is a

20、lways covered by snow.whosewhich7My mother often goes to the gym，which she works out to keep fit.whichwhere8The clever boy made a hole in the wall，through that he could see what was going on inside the house.thatwhich9I stay in a dormitory with three other girls，all of them are kind and nice.themwhom 或逗号后加 and10I admire the writer very much，which works are extremely popular among teenagers.whichwhose