小学英语语法冲刺 下册.docx

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1、Unit 1 形容词的位置和顺序形容词的位置和顺序1.形容词是用来修饰名词或代词,在句中通常位于名词之前,系动词或不定代 词之后。2形容词的位置 形容词在句中一般位于名词或代词前面作定语。She is an outgoing girl.她是个外向的女孩。形容词在句中用在系动词后面作表语。The baby is asleep.这个婴儿睡着了。形容词修饰复合不定代词时,要放在复合不定代词后面.I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情告诉你。形容词放在动词宾语后面作补语。 The movie makes me excited.这部电影让我很兴奋。3

2、.形容词在句中的顺序:当两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词或代词时,通常与这个名词关系更密切的、描述更具体的形容词越靠近这个名词。表示大小的形容词+表示形状的形容词+名词。 She wears a small round hat.他戴着一顶小圆顶帽子。表示新旧的形容词+表示国籍的形容词+表示材料的形容词+名词。 Those are two old Chinese stone bridges.那是两座古老的中国石桥.表示颜色的形容词+表示材料的形容词+名词。This is a white wooden table.这是一张白色的木头饭桌。表示高矮的形容词+表示年龄的形容词+表示国籍的形容词+名词

3、.The tall young Chinese man is my teacher.这个高个的年轻的中国人是我的老师。形容词排列顺序记忆口诀:限观形龄色国材 限: 代表限定词,包括冠词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等 观:代表表示观点的描述性形容词,如good,beautiful,interesting等。形:代表大小、长短、高矮及形状的形容词,如small, tall, high, little, round等.龄:表示年龄、新、旧的形容词,如old, young等。色:表示颜色的形容词,如black, white, pink等。国:代表国籍、地区、出处的形容词(或名词),如Engli

4、sh, American等。 材:表示材料的形容词,如stone, wooden, plastic等.多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时,就按上述顺序排列,然后加上中心词。如:a fine old stone bridge一座古老的漂亮的石桥 two big round new Chinese wooden tables两张新的中国式的木制大圆桌his large new black foreign car 他那辆新的大型黑色外国进口汽车 Exercise 语法练习1.写出下列单词的反义词。 happy_ ugly_ clever_ wide_ cheap_ rich _2.根据中文提示完成句子,注

5、意句中形容词的位置。 1她是个好老师。(good, is, a, she, teacher) 2这些男孩很强壮。(strong, are, boys, these) 3这位女士看起来很年轻.(looks, lady, this, young) 4他的病没什么严重的。(nothing, his, serious, is, illness) 3选择适当的形容词填入下面的句子中,每个词只能用一次。dirty hot small tired good 1 It is a _summer.2 He became _after a days work.3 The roses smell_.4This ja

6、cket is too_ for me to wear. Give me a big one.5 Your kitchen looks_. Please tidy it up.4圈出短文中的形容词.I have a small pink room, but there is a big bed, an orange sofa, a wooden table and a new chair. The bed is comfortable ,because it is long and wide,and the pillow(枕头)feels soft. The sofa is for my li

7、ttle dog. It is smart and lovely. The table is clean. I always do my homework there. My old chair is broken, and the new one is not as cheap as the old one.Grammar Show 语法成果展示 根据图片用适当的形容词完成句子.1 My father is_ _,and I am_.2 Lily is _,and Lucy is_. 3 This is an_glass, and that is a _glass.4 There is a_

8、 _cat and a _cat in the room.5 The window is_and that window is_.Unit 2 形容词比较等级的构成形容词比较等级的构成 1.大多数形容词可以用于比较,说明事物间的等级、程度差别。比较等级分为 原级,比较级和最高级三个等级。原级即形容词本来的形式,比较级和最高级都是由形容词原级变化而来的。 2.形容词比较等级的规则构成 单音节形容词在词尾加-er,-est long-longer-longest 以e结尾的单音节形容词在词尾加-r,-st nice-nicer-nicest以重读闭音节结尾的形容词,双写词尾辅音字母再加-er,-e

9、st，big-bigger-biggest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,变y为i再加-er,-est easy-easier-easiest两个或两个以上音节的形容词,即双音节或多音节词,在形容词前加 more, most healthy-more healthy-most healthy 3.形容词比较等级的不规则构成 good/well better best bad/ill worse worst many/much more most far farther/further farthest/furthestold older/elder oldest/eldest 形容词比较等级

10、的不规则构成口诀1.和二为一共三对,坏病两多并两好 bad/ill worse worst many/much more most good/well better best 2.一分为二有两个,一是远来二是老 far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 3.还有一词含义多,只记少来不记小 little Iess least Grammar Show 语法练习1.写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级。outgoing _ _good _ _many _ _fat _ _healthy _ _2.用所给词的比较

11、级形式填空。Whose handwriting is_(good),Lilys or Lucys?Which is_(quick),the bus or the car?Who is_(tall),John or Jim?I can feed _(many)animals than you.He can pick_(much)corn than I.3.用所给词的最高级形式填空。Which goes_(fast),the bus, the car or the train?This match is_(exciting)of the three.Who is_(heavy),Wang Lin,

12、 Li Ming or Li Tao?Mr.Green is_(serious)in his family.Which country is_(large),China, Canada or the USA?4.选择适当的词填入下面的句子中,每个词只能用一次.youngest faster cheaper less more importantThe train is_than the bus.A small town has_traffic than a big city.Health is_than money.Who is the_in your class?This sweater i

13、s_than that one.Grammar Show 语法成果展示根据图片,用适当的形容词形式完成句子。 Gina has a long scarf. Tina has a_.scarf. Angel has a _scarf.Lily is pretty. Lucy is_Susan is the_.I have a big ring.My mother has a_ ring,and my aunt has a_ ring.My hat is nice.Lindas hat is_and Amys hat is the_.Jack is fat.John is_and Jeff is

14、the_. Unit 3 形容词比较等级的用法形容词比较级的用法1.形容词原级用于两者之间的比较,表示“等于”;比较级用于两者之间的比较，表示“两者之间较的”； 最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较,表示“三者或三者以上最的”。2形容词原级的用法 A.+as+形容词原级+as+B.,表示“A和B一样”。Tom is as tall as Tim.汤姆和蒂姆一样高。A.+not so/as+形容词原级+as+B.,表示“A不如B.”。 Tom isnt so tall as Tim.汤姆没有蒂姆高。 3.形容词比较级的用法 A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B.表示“A比B更.”。Im talle

15、r than her.我比她高。A+实义动词(have)+形容词比较级+名词+than+B.表示“A比B有更.。I have longer hair than hers/she has.我的头发比她的长。形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级,表示“越来越.”。Its getting warmer and warmer.天气变得越来越暖和了.the+形容词比较级+，the+形容词比较级+,表示“越.就越.。The less you eat,the thinner you will be.你吃得越少,就越瘦。两者比较必须用比较级,用or连接.Which subject is more importa

16、nt,English or math?哪个科目更重要,英语还是数学?修饰比较级的词有:a little,a bit,much,a lot,even,far.He is much taller than me.他比我高多了.比较级表示最高级。He is taller than any other boy in our class.他比我们班其他男孩都高4.形容词最高级的用法 the+形容词最高级+(名词)+比较范围,表示“.中最.的”.She is the most popular student in our class.她是我们班最受欢迎的学形容词的原级和比较级都可以表示倍数关系1. .ti

17、mes+as+形容词原级+as,表示“是.的.倍”The house is three times as big as that one.这个房子是那个房子的三倍大.2. .times+形容词比较级+than,表示“比.(大、多、高、长等).倍The book is three times bigger than that one.这本书比那本书大三倍.Exercise 语法练习1.写出下面形容词的比较级和最高级.e.g. tall taller tallestcute cuter old older funny funniest happy happier long 2.用所给形容词的正确形

18、式填空.far good lazy beautiful lowI have to walk about 3km to school every day.My house is a lot than yours.I got 88 on last test,but I only got 60 this time.My score is than the last one.I prefer coffee to tea.It tastes .You never do any work.Youre even than your brother.A:Which skirt do you like? B:T

19、he pink one.It is .3.读一读,圈出正确的词。Are emus(the fast/the fastest/a fastest)animal in the world? (The high/The highest/Higher)mountain in the world is in Nepal.Cakes are(the most delicious/the delicious/the more delicious)food in the world!Sandy is(most beautiful/the beautiful/the most beautiful)girl in

20、our class.I think French is(most difficult/more difficult/the most difficult)language to learn in the world.4.用所给词的正确形式填空。I can choose a pet as my birthday gift.Hamster,dog,snake,horse.Which one should I choose?Hamster is_(cute)than other animals.Dog is _(smart)than other animals.Snake is _(long)tha

21、n other animals.Horse is _(big)animal of them.Maybe a hamster is the best choice.Grammar Show 语法成果展示形容词比较级和最高级说一说自己的班级或学校,写4个句子. Unit 4 副词的类别、位置和顺序副词的类别、位置和顺序1.副词用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,副词可以分为时间副词、地点副问、程度副词、方式副词、频率副词和疑问副词。副词在句中通常有三种位 置:句首、句中和句尾.2.副词的类别时间副词:表示事情发生的时间。now现在 today今天 tomorrow明天 ago以前 地点副词:表示

22、事情发生的地点。here 在这里 there 在那里 behind 在后面 somewhere 在某地程度副词:表示程度的深浅。very非常 quite相当 so如此 much很,非常方式副词:表示事情进行的方式。quickly快地 slowly慢地 carefully仔细地 happily高兴地频率副词:表示事情发生的频率。always总是 usually通常 often经常 sometimes有时疑问副词:主要用于特殊疑问句的句首。when何时 where哪里 why为什么 how怎么3.副词的位置 副词修饰形容词时,一般放在形容词的前面。The movie is very moving.

23、这部电影非常感人。副词修饰其他副词时,一般放在所修饰的副词前面。My brother swims very well.我哥哥游泳游得很好。副词修饰动词时,一般放在实义动词的后面。David studies hard.大卫学习很努力。频率副词修饰动词时,放在实义动词之前,be动词、情态动词或助动词之后,有时为了强调放在句首。 Lisa is always late for school.丽萨上学总是迟到.Tony usually rides a bike to school.托尼通常骑自行车上学。He has just arrived in New York.他刚刚到达纽约。Sometimes

24、we eat Italian food.=We eat Italian food sometimes.= We sometimes eat Italian food.有时我们吃意大利食品。Often she eats pizza for lunch.=She eats pizza for lunch often.= She often eats pizza for lunch.午餐她经常吃披萨。疑问副词通常放在句首。Where are you from?你来自哪里?4.副词的排列顺序句中有多个时间副词或地点副词连用时,小单位在前,大单位在后。We will go to Shanghai at

25、8:50 this Saturday.我们这个星期六8:50去上海.He has been to New York , America.他去过美国纽约.多个不同的副词连用时,先后顺序为:程度副词+方式副词+地点副词+时间副词。John studies very hard at school this year.约翰今年在学校学习很努力。 I went to work quickly by bike yesterday.我昨天快速地骑自行车去上班。方式副词连用时,短词在前,长词在后,并用and和but连接。 Please do it quickly and carefully.请做得快点认真点.

26、He reads English loudly and clearly.他读英语声音很大,还很清楚。频率副词比较always usually often sometimes hardly ever never Exercise 语法练习1.写出下列形容词的副词形式。e.g. happy-happilyquiet loud slow quick bad good sad noisy 2.用所给频率副词改写句子。 I am lazy. (sometimes) He visits museums on vacation. (always) We go to Canada in summer. (us

27、ually) I read comic books on the plane. (hardly ever) We stay at a nice hotel. (never) You play tennis on Sundays. (often) 3.读一读,连线选择正确的答案.Why did he wake up so A.Early in the morning.suddenly?How did he sing? B.Because he missed the bus.How did the policeman C.Very beautifully.catch the robber?When

28、 is your English class? D.Because he heard a loud noise.Why was Harry walking E.He fought with him bravely.quickly this morning?4.用所给词填空,每个词只能用一次。 quietly loudly fast well quickly happily It is Monday today.I get up early.Then I wash my face and brush my teeth very_.I run to school_before 8:00 a.m.I

29、 listen to my teacher_in math class.I read books _in English class.I play basketball_with my classmates in PE class.Im the best basketball player in my class.I can play it very_.I feel good at school.Im homeat 5:00 p.m.Its a happy day today.Grammar Show 语法成果展示读下列单词并写出6个句子,至少要用到其中6个单词。patiently slowl

30、y quickly suddenly rapidly carefullyloudly sadly bravely late quietly e.g. They walk quickly in the yard. Unit 5 副词比较等级的构成副词比较等级的构成1.多数副词可以用于比较,有原级、比较级和最高级。副词比较级和最高级的构 成和形容词大致相同,形式也分为规则变化和不规则变化。2.副词比较等级的规则构成 单音节副词在词尾加-er,-est fast-faster-fastest 以e结尾的单音节副词在词尾加-r,-st late-later-latest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的副词,

31、变y为i再加-er,-est early-earlier-earliest 多音节和部分双音节副词,在副词前加 more,most loudly-more loudly-most loudly 3.副词比较等级的不规则构成 well better best badly worse worst much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest形容词和副词比较级和最高级中的一些特殊用法many,old 和far 1.如果后接名词,much more+不可数名词,many more+可数名词复数。2.old-

32、有两种比较级和最高级形式:older/elder和loldest/eldest,older,oldest表示年龄大小,elder,eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。3far 有两种比较级,farther,further。在英式英语中两者都可指距离 在美式英语中,father 表示距离,further表示进一步。Exercise 语法练习1.写出下列单词的比较级和最高级.slowly _ _ loudly _ _ much _ _ early _ _ widely_ _ 2.用所给词的比较级形式填空。The girl sings_ (beautifully) than the boy.Ja

33、ck plays football_(badly) than Dick.Jim works_(hard) than Tom.They write_(carefully) than before.He runs_ (fast) than I.3.用所给词的最高级形式填空.He runs_(fast) of all.He walks_(far) of the three.Tom is sitting there_(quietly) of all.She speaks English_(clearly) in the class.Linda dances_(well) in the team.4.选

34、择适当的词填入下面的句子中,每个词只能用一次。 fast faster much more carefully better A rabbit runs_than a turtle.Joyce plays the violin_than Nancy.Taking a plane is_faster than taking a bus.He finished his homework_than his brother.John runs as_as Dave.Grammar Show 语法成果展示根据图片,用副词的适当形式完成句子。 John studies_.Jack studies_. Da

35、ve studiesMike jumps_.Leo jumps _.Bob jumps_.Tom writes_. .Tim writes _.Jack writes_.I come to school_.Amy comes _.Lucy comes_.Rabbits can run_ , but tigers can run _than rabbits,and cheetahs can run _of the three.Unit 6 副词比较等级的用法副词比较等级的用法 1.副词的原级用于两者之间的比较,表示“相似,相同”o副词比较级用于两者之间的比较,表示“两者之间较.的”。副词的最高级

36、用于三者或三者以上的比较,表示“三者或三者以上中最.的。 2.副词原级的用法A.+as+副词原级+as+B.，表示“A和B一样.。I swim as well as Susan.我和苏珊游泳游得一样好.A.+not so/as+副词原级+as+B.，表示“A不如B.。I dont swim as/so well as Susan.我没有苏珊游泳游得好。3.副词比较级的用法 A.+副词比较级+than+B.，表示“A比B.。I swim better than her.我比她游泳游得好。 副词比较级+and+副词比较级,表示“越来越.”。He swims better and better.他游泳游得越来越好