高考2022高三总复习教案：代词.doc

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1、高考总复习：代词编稿：陈玉莲 审稿：王春霞真题再现：1. Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.A. herself B. this C. that D. it解析：D。此处it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式短语。句意：Sarah今天早上成功的及时到达机场并赶上了航班。2. New technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.A. that B. this C.

2、one D. it 解析： D。题干为固定句型：make it adj. to do.。其中it为形式宾语，代替不定式to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost。句意为：新兴科技使得更快地、以更低的成本生产新产品成为可能。3. My brother would like to buy a good watch but was available from that shop. A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither解析：B。nothing指物，什么都没有；none既可指人也可指物，强调“没一个”

3、；no one只能指人；neither表两者都不，故此题选B。4. John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday? _. Ill be off to London then. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None解析：B。根据答语“Ill be off to London then.”可知，约定的星期三或者星期五对John来说，都不行。在选项中B选项是“两者都不”之意，符合语境。因此，正确答案为B选项。5. If youre buying todays paper from the stand, cou

4、ld you get for me?A. one B. such C. this D. that解析：A。根据句意：如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸，给我捎回一份好吗？one作“一个”，“一本”，“一件”等解，用来代替上文提到过的paper。相当于a copy of paper.6. Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to _ of McDonalds.A. those B. one C. any D. all解析：A。those = that ones，代指前面的many of the items，表示

5、复数、特指，被of McDonalds.修饰，符合语境。ones表示复数、泛指；any任何一个；all全部，均不符合语境，故排除。7. Sophia waited for a reply, but _ came.A. either B. another C. neither D. none解析：D。句意为：Sophia等候答复，但没有任何答复。根据转折连词but可知，此处应用表示否定意义的代词，排除A项和B项。neither意为“两者都不”，排除C项。D项说法正合句意。8. No matter where he is, he makes _a rule to go for a walk bef

6、ore breakfast.A. him B this C. that D. it 解析：D。所填词做使役动词make的形式宾语，真正宾语是to go for a walk，选D。9. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but of them wants to, because they have work to do.A. either B. any C. neither D. none解析：C。根据句意可知，Bill和Peter两个人，所以其否定形式用neither。句意：Larry请求Bill和Peter一起和他去

7、野餐，但他们两个都不想去，因为他们要工作。【考点定位】考查代词的用法。10. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _.A. whoeverB. wherever C. whatever D. however解析：A。此处whoever是代词，意为：任何人，无论谁。它作to的宾语。句意：你看完书后，把书给Lucy或Helen，或谁都行。语法讲解高考考纲对代词考点的要求是：了解代词的分类；掌握人称代词的格及其语法功能；掌握名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的用法和区分；.掌握反身代词的用法及其语法功能；掌

8、握指示代词、不定代词和相互代词的用法，特别是不定代词的用法比较。对代词部分的备考注意力应集中于不定代词，应重点学习不定代词的意义特征和语法特征。分类 代词是用来指代人或事物的词。代词可分为下列八类：人称代词：主格：I, you, she, he, it, we, you, they宾格：me, you, her, him, it, us, you, them 物主代词：形容词性：my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their名词性：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs 反身代词：myself, yo

9、urself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 相互代词：each other, one another 指示代词：this, that, these, those, such 疑问代词：what, when, who, where, whose关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose不定代词：any, some, every, many, much, a little 人称代词人称代词分主格和宾格两种，前者在句子中担任主语，后者担任动词或介词的宾语。They study Ger

10、man. Please pass me the ruler.人称代词的用法：人称代词的排列一般为：第二人称，第三人称，第一人称。 you, he and I/ them and us物主代词形容词性物主代词只能作定语。My brother often does his homework in his room. The newly-built house is our laboratory. Anything has its character individually.名词性物主代词则可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语。它的意义相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，或者说它相当于名词。 His di

11、ctionary is English-Chinese, but mine is English-English. We each bought a new book. Yours is about management and mine is about the American history. 反身代词 反身代词在句子中可作宾语：当它作动词宾语时，动作的执行者与承受者往往是同一个人或同一件事物；当它作介词by的宾语时，则表示强调。 The prisoner killed himself by taking poison. He finished the work by himself.

12、反身代词在句子中也可作同位语，用来加强名词或代词的语气，强调某人亲自、本人；这时它可能在名词、代词之后，也可能在句子末尾。The students will clean the classroom themselves. I myself heard him say it. 相互代词each other通常指两者之间的“相互”，one another侧重三者或三者以上的“相互”。指示代词指示词有this, that, these, those等。注意以下四点： 1. this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”，可与here连用；that, those是时间或空间上的“远指”，可与there

13、连用。 2. 指上文提到的事一般用that，有时也用this，指下文的事只能用this。 3. 打电话时，用this来介绍自己，用that来问对方，不用I或you。 4. this和that还可表示程度，意为“如此，那么”，相当于so，作状语。疑问代词疑问代词用于构成特殊疑问句，其中what, which, whose兼有形容词特征，可以和名词连用。What job do you want to find?Whose girl is she? Which subject is your best one?所有疑问代词都可以起名词作用，在句子中担任成分。Who told you? Whom ar

14、e you waiting for? Whose are those books? which和what两者均可与名词连用，就人或物提问。但是which一般用于有一定选择范围的情况，what用于无选择范围或究竟是什么还不清楚的情况。 Which color do you like green, red, yellow or brown? What color is her dress? What writers do you like best?which和who两者都可作代词，它们的区别是不管选择的范围是大还是小，which一般用作指物。 Which would you like to ea

15、t, steak or fish? Who won the game, Smith or Johnson? 当有一定选择范围时，which one代替who作宾语.Which one do you like better, your mother or your father?连接代词 连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever等，除起连接作用外，还可以在从句中担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。 The question is who can operate the new machine.（引导表语从句作主语）They asked

16、 whose idea this was.（引导宾语从句作定语）When you are older, you can watch whatever programme you like.（引导宾语从句-作定语）Ill give my ticket to whoever wants it. （这里whoever可看成“anyone who”，or“the person who”）.关系代词关系代词是引导定语从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有who, whose, whom, that, which。它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语。在主句中，它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代

17、词。A plane is a machine that can fly. The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. 不定代词：all和 bothboth用于两个人或事物，all用于两个以上的人或事物，均可作主语。All (of us) like fruits. Both (of them) are good at English.用作同位语。作主语同位语时须注意它们的位置不同，位于行为动词之前或be动词之后。They all (both) agreed with me. I know them all (both

18、).one 和 it one代替可数名词，表示上面所提到的那一类人或物中的一个，其复数形式带定语时用ones，不带定语时用some。而it则用于指代上文提到的那个表示物的名词本身，既可指单数可数名词也可指不可数名词。I dont have a watch but Im going to buy one (some).I have a bicycle. My aunt gave it to me. no one和noneno one只用于指人，而none既可指人也可指物。如果说“若干人（物）之中一个也不”，用“none of”。后接复数名词时，谓语可以用复数，也可用单数；后接不可数名词时，谓语用

19、单数。 No one told me that he had gone to Shanghai.None of them have（has）arrived yet.（不用no one）None of the money is mine. both, either 和neither 这三个词都可以用来指两个人或两件事物，但各自的意义都不相同：both表示“两个都”、either表示“两个中的任何一个”、 neither表示“两者都不”。它们在句中都分别可以做主语、宾语和定语，both还可以作同位语。each 和 every each和every都有“每一个”的意思，但它们在句子里各自强调的侧重点

20、却不同：every 从每一个个体着眼而强调“整体”；而each却是把一些东西一个一个地加以考虑，强调“各个”。every只能作定语；each则可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。另外，every可用于“every other (或every +数词 ) + 名词”的结构中，表示“每隔”。every other day 每隔一天；every three years 每隔三年；every third year 每隔三年； every other line 每隔一行；every ten miles每隔十英里some 和any some 与any都表示“一些”，它们作定语时多用，这时候some多用于肯定句

21、，any多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。在表示请求、建议、反问或是希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，常用some而不用any。另外some可与数词连用，表示“大约”的意思。 Could you mind buying me some envelopes on your way to school? Some hundred teachers have moved into new houses. few, a few, little, a little few 与little都有“几乎没有”的否定意思，few用于可数名词，little用于不可数名词；a few与 a little 表示几个或一点的肯定

22、意思，a few用于可数名词a little用于不可数名词。onethe other 和someothersone.the other指“两个中的一个，另外一个”；“someothers”指“群体中一些人，另一些人”。 She has two children. One is a boy; the other is a girl. They have different ideas about how to spend their weekend. Some think that it is good to have a party. Others prefer to have an outi

23、ng. no和none 二者都表示否定意义：no = not any 意在强调“一个都不、一点都不”，它只能作形容词，一般与名词连用；而none则相当于名词，可独立在句中充当成分，none of表示在某一范围内任何一个也不。合成不定代词常用的合成不定代词有以下几组：something某物/某事，somebody某人，someone 某人; anything任何事物，anybody任何人，anyone任何人 ； everything一切事物，everybody每个人，everyone每个人 ； nothing无事、无物，no one没有人，nobody无人 注意： 1. 当它们用作主语时应看作单

24、数。 2. 它们只能作名词，不能看作形容词而充当定语。 3. 如果它们带有修饰语，修饰语只能放在它们的后面。another的用法another 泛指“另一个；又一个”，后面可以接单数名词也可以接“数词+复数名词”。 That boy will be another Nelson. Have another piece of cake. They had three goals in the first half, and another two in the second.【高清课堂：代词】everyone和every one everyone 指人，不能用 of做定语。every one 指

25、人/物, 可以用of 短语做定语。Everyone has taken part in the performance.Every one of the students likes the teacher.这种区别存在于anyone与 any one; someone与some one之间。部分否定与全部否定 all, both, every和not 连用是部分否定。All stone is not hard.Everybody doesnt know it.Not both of them are rich.如果表示全部否定,需用none, nothing, nobody, no one,

26、 neither等. one 作代词one替代由可数名词所表示的一类人或事,即泛指。I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.如特指必须加上限定词(如a, the, this, that等)、物主代词或形容词加以修饰。If you dont like this blue coat, you can buy a black one.I dont want the book on the shelf; I want this one on the desk.复数形式ones作替代词时，只可替代同一类人或事物的复数名词,前面

27、必须有限定词。Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to the pupils except the ones who had already taken them.I dont want to buy these small pears; I want some large ones.She wants to buy some new clothes and throw away all her old ones.“ It”的用法用作代词，代替前文提到过的同一事物。Where is the cat? Its in the kitchen. My book is missi

28、ng. I cant find it anywhere.表示时间，天气，距离等。A lovely day, isnt it?Its two oclock. 用作形式主语，形式宾语，代替不定式短语，动名词或从句。Its no use talking with him about that. It took me twenty minutes to get there.We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.用在强调结构中。为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语，宾语或状语），常用强调结构“It is (was) + 被强调成分 + that(who)”。It was Liu Ming that I saw in the street this morning.It was in the classroom that he told me about it.